Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livep...

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livepatching

Pull live patching infrastructure from Jiri Kosina:
 "Let me provide a bit of history first, before describing what is in
  this pile.

  Originally, there was kSplice as a standalone project that implemented
  stop_machine()-based patching for the linux kernel.  This project got
  later acquired, and the current owner is providing live patching as a
  proprietary service, without any intentions to have their
  implementation merged.

  Then, due to rising user/customer demand, both Red Hat and SUSE
  started working on their own implementation (not knowing about each
  other), and announced first versions roughly at the same time [1] [2].

  The principle difference between the two solutions is how they are
  making sure that the patching is performed in a consistent way when it
  comes to different execution threads with respect to the semantic
  nature of the change that is being introduced.

  In a nutshell, kPatch is issuing stop_machine(), then looking at
  stacks of all existing processess, and if it decides that the system
  is in a state that can be patched safely, it proceeds insterting code
  redirection machinery to the patched functions.

  On the other hand, kGraft provides a per-thread consistency during one
  single pass of a process through the kernel and performs a lazy
  contignuous migration of threads from "unpatched" universe to the
  "patched" one at safe checkpoints.

  If interested in a more detailed discussion about the consistency
  models and its possible combinations, please see the thread that
  evolved around [3].

  It pretty quickly became obvious to the interested parties that it's
  absolutely impractical in this case to have several isolated solutions
  for one task to co-exist in the kernel.  During a dedicated Live
  Kernel Patching track at LPC in Dusseldorf, all the interested parties
  sat together and came up with a joint aproach that would work for both
  distro vendors.  Steven Rostedt took notes [4] from this meeting.

  And the foundation for that aproach is what's present in this pull
  request.

  It provides a basic infrastructure for function "live patching" (i.e.
  code redirection), including API for kernel modules containing the
  actual patches, and API/ABI for userspace to be able to operate on the
  patches (look up what patches are applied, enable/disable them, etc).

  It's relatively simple and minimalistic, as it's making use of
  existing kernel infrastructure (namely ftrace) as much as possible.
  It's also self-contained, in a sense that it doesn't hook itself in
  any other kernel subsystem (it doesn't even touch any other code).
  It's now implemented for x86 only as a reference architecture, but
  support for powerpc, s390 and arm is already in the works (adding
  arch-specific support basically boils down to teaching ftrace about
  regs-saving).

  Once this common infrastructure gets merged, both Red Hat and SUSE
  have agreed to immediately start porting their current solutions on
  top of this, abandoning their out-of-tree code.  The plan basically is
  that each patch will be marked by flag(s) that would indicate which
  consistency model it is willing to use (again, the details have been
  sketched out already in the thread at [3]).

  Before this happens, the current codebase can be used to patch a large
  group of secruity/stability problems the patches for which are not too
  complex (in a sense that they don't introduce non-trivial change of
  function's return value semantics, they don't change layout of data
  structures, etc) -- this corresponds to LEAVE_FUNCTION &&
  SWITCH_FUNCTION semantics described at [3].

  This tree has been in linux-next since December.

    [1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/30/477
    [2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/7/14/857
    [3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/7/354
    [4] http://linuxplumbersconf.org/2014/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/LPC2014_LivePatching.txt

  [ The core code is introduced by the three commits authored by Seth
    Jennings, which got a lot of changes incorporated during numerous
    respins and reviews of the initial implementation.  All the followup
    commits have materialized only after public tree has been created,
    so they were not folded into initial three commits so that the
    public tree doesn't get rebased ]"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livepatching:
  livepatch: add missing newline to error message
  livepatch: rename config to CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
  livepatch: fix uninitialized return value
  livepatch: support for repatching a function
  livepatch: enforce patch stacking semantics
  livepatch: change ARCH_HAVE_LIVE_PATCHING to HAVE_LIVE_PATCHING
  livepatch: fix deferred module patching order
  livepatch: handle ancient compilers with more grace
  livepatch: kconfig: use bool instead of boolean
  livepatch: samples: fix usage example comments
  livepatch: MAINTAINERS: add git tree location
  livepatch: use FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY
  livepatch: move x86 specific ftrace handler code to arch/x86
  livepatch: samples: add sample live patching module
  livepatch: kernel: add support for live patching
  livepatch: kernel: add TAINT_LIVEPATCH