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  82 ><H1
  83 ><A
  84 NAME="DEBUGGING-TECHNIQUES">Chapter 27. Debugging Techniques</H1
  85 ><DIV
  86 CLASS="TOC"
  87 ><DL
  88 ><DT
  89 ><B
  90 >Table of Contents</B
  91 ></DT
  92 ><DT
  93 ><A
  94 HREF="debugging-techniques.html#TRACING"
  95 >Tracing</A
  96 ></DT
  97 ><DT
  98 ><A
  99 HREF="kernel-instrumentation.html"
 100 >Kernel Instrumentation</A
 101 ></DT
 102 ></DL
 103 ></DIV
 104 ><P
 105 ><SPAN
 106 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 107 >eCos</SPAN
 108 > applications and components can be debugged in
 109         traditional ways, with printing statements and debugger
 110         single-stepping, but there are situations in which these
 111         techniques cannot be used. One example of this is when a
 112         program is getting data at a high rate from a real-time
 113         source, and cannot be slowed down or interrupted.</P
 114 ><P
 115 ><SPAN
 116 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 117 >eCos</SPAN
 118 >&#8217;s infrastructure module provides a
 119         <SPAN
 120 CLASS="emphasis"
 121 ><I
 122 CLASS="EMPHASIS"
 123 >tracing</I
 124 ></SPAN
 125 > formalism, allowing the
 126         kernel&#8217;s tracing macros to be configured in many useful
 127         ways. <SPAN
 128 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 129 >eCos</SPAN
 130 >&#8217;s kernel provides <I
 131 CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
 132 >instrumentation
 133           buffers</I
 134 > which also collect specific
 135         (configurable) data about the system&#8217;s history and
 136         performance.</P
 137 ><DIV
 138 CLASS="SECT1"
 139 ><H1
 140 CLASS="SECT1"
 141 ><A
 142 NAME="TRACING">Tracing</H1
 143 ><P
 144 >To use <SPAN
 145 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 146 >eCos</SPAN
 147 >&#8217;s tracing facilities you must first
 148           configure your system to use <I
 149 CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
 150 >tracing</I
 151 >.
 152           You should enable the Asserts and Tracing component
 153           (<TT
 154 CLASS="OPTION"
 155 >CYGPKG_INFRA_DEBUG</TT
 156 >) and the
 157           <TT
 158 CLASS="OPTION"
 159 >Use tracing</TT
 160 > component within it
 161           (<TT
 162 CLASS="OPTION"
 163 >CYGDBG_USE_TRACING</TT
 164 >). These
 165           options can be enabled with the <SPAN
 166 CLASS="APPLICATION"
 167 >Configuration
 168             Tool</SPAN
 169 > or by editing the file
 170           <TT
 171 CLASS="FILENAME"
 172 ><TT
 173 CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
 174 ><I
 175 >BUILD_DIR</I
 176 ></TT
 177 >/pkgconf/infra.h
 178           </TT
 179 > manually.</P
 180 ><P
 181 >You should then examine all the tracing-related options in
 182 the <I
 183 CLASS="CITETITLE"
 184 >Package: Infrastructure</I
 185 > chapter of the <I
 186 CLASS="CITETITLE"
 187 ><SPAN
 188 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 189 >eCos</SPAN
 190 > Reference
 191 Manual</I
 192 >. One useful set of configuration options are: <TT
 193 CLASS="LITERAL"
 194 >CYGDBG_INFRA_DEBUG_FUNCTION_REPORTS</TT
 195 > and <TT
 196 CLASS="LITERAL"
 197 >CYGDBG_INFRA_DEBUG_TRACE_MESSAGE</TT
 198 >,
 199 which are both enabled by default when tracing is enabled.</P
 200 ><P
 201 >The following &#8220;Hello world with tracing&#8221; shows
 202 the output from running the hello world program (from <A
 203 HREF="building-and-running-sample-appliations.html#ECOS-HELLO-WORLD"
 204 >the Section called <I
 205 ><SPAN
 206 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 207 >eCos</SPAN
 208 > Hello World</I
 209 > in Chapter 13</A
 210 >) that was
 211 built with tracing enabled: </P
 212 ><DIV
 213 CLASS="EXAMPLE"
 214 ><A
 215 NAME="AEN2289"><P
 216 ><B
 217 >Example 27-1. Hello world with tracing</B
 218 ></P
 219 ><TABLE
 220 BORDER="5"
 221 BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
 222 WIDTH="70%"
 223 ><TR
 224 ><TD
 225 ><PRE
 226 CLASS="SCREEN"
 227 >$ mips-tx39-elf-run --board=jmr3904  hello
 228 Hello, eCos world!
 229 ASSERT FAIL: &lt;2&gt;cyg_trac.h          [ 623] Cyg_TraceFunction_Report_::set_exitvoid()                                                            exitvoid used in typed function
 230 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 395] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::enqueue()                                                            {{enter
 231 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 395] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::enqueue()                                                            }}RETURNING UNSET!
 232 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 126] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::add_thread()                                                           }}RETURNING UNSET!
 233 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;thread.cxx          [ 654] Cyg_Thread::resume()                                                                                 }}return void
 234 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 160] cyg_iso_c_start()                                                                                    }}return void
 235 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 142] cyg_package_start()                                                                                  }}return void
 236 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 150] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     {{enter
 237 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 150] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     (((void)))
 238 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 153] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     'This is the system default cyg_user_start()'
 239 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 157] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     }}return void
 240 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;sched.cxx           [ 212] Cyg_Scheduler::start()                                                                               {{enter
 241 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 102] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::schedule()                                                             {{enter
 242 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 437] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::highpri()                                                            {{enter
 243 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 437] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::highpri()                                                            }}RETURNING UNSET!
 244 TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 102] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::schedule()                                                             }}RETURNING UNSET!
 245 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;intr.cxx            [ 450] Cyg_Interrupt::enable_interrupts()                                                                   {{enter
 246 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;intr.cxx            [ 450] Cyg_Interrupt::enable_interrupts()                                                                   }}RETURNING UNSET!
 247 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;thread.cxx          [  69] Cyg_HardwareThread::thread_entry()                                                                   {{enter
 248 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 127] invoke_main()                                                                                        {{enter
 249 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 127] invoke_main()                                                                                        ((argument is ignored))
 250 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  60] __main()                                                                                             {{enter
 251 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  60] __main()                                                                                             (((void)))
 252 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  63] __main()                                                                                             'This is the system default __main()'
 253 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  67] __main()                                                                                             }}return void
 254 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;memcpy.c            [ 112] _memcpy()                                                                                            {{enter
 255 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;memcpy.c            [ 112] _memcpy()                                                                                            ((dst=80002804, src=BFC14E58, n=19))
 256 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;memcpy.c            [ 164] _memcpy()                                                                                            }}returning 80002804
 257 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 137] invoke_main()                                                                                        'main() has returned with code 0. Calling exit()'
 258 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;exit.cxx            [  71] __libc_exit()                                                                                        {{enter
 259 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;exit.cxx            [  71] __libc_exit()                                                                                        ((status=0 ))
 260 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;atexit.cxx          [  84] cyg_libc_invoke_atexit_handlers()                                                                    {{enter
 261 TRACE: &lt;2&gt;atexit.cxx          [  84] cyg_libc_invoke_atexit_handlers()                                                                      (((void)))
 262
 263 Scheduler:
 264
 265 Lock:                0
 266 Current Thread:      &lt;null&gt;
 267
 268 Threads:
 269
 270 Idle Thread          pri =  31 state = R      id =   1
 271                      stack base = 800021F0 ptr = 80002510 size = 00000400
 272                      sleep reason NONE     wake reason NONE
 273                      queue = 80000C54      wait info = 00000000
 274
 275 &lt;null&gt;               pri =   0 state = R      id =   2
 276                      stack base = 80002A48 ptr = 8000A968 size = 00008000
 277                      sleep reason NONE     wake reason NONE
 278                      queue = 80000BD8      wait info = 00000000
 279           </PRE
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