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-NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-BYTEORDER">byteorder</H1
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->BYTEORDER(3) System Library Functions Manual BYTEORDER(3)
-
-NAME
- htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, htobe32, htobe16, betoh32, betoh16, htole32,
- htole16, letoh32, letoh16, swap32, swap16 - convert values between dif-
- ferent byte orderings
-
-SYNOPSIS
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <machine/endian.h>
-
- u_int32_t
- htonl(u_int32_t host32);
-
- u_int16_t
- htons(u_int16_t host16);
-
- u_int32_t
- ntohl(u_int32_t net32);
-
- u_int16_t
- ntohs(u_int16_t net16);
-
- u_int32_t
- htobe32(u_int32_t host32);
-
- u_int16_t
- htobe16(u_int16_t host16);
-
- u_int32_t
- betoh32(u_int32_t big32);
-
- u_int16_t
- betoh16(u_int16_t big16);
-
- u_int32_t
- htole32(u_int32_t host32);
-
- u_int16_t
- htole16(u_int16_t host16);
-
- u_int32_t
- letoh32(u_int32_t little32);
-
- u_int16_t
- letoh16(u_int16_t little16);
-
- u_int32_t
- swap32(u_int32_t val32);
-
- u_int16_t
- swap16(u_int16_t val16);
-
-DESCRIPTION
- These routines convert 16- and 32-bit quantities between different byte
- orderings. The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given
- quantity, the others converts either from/to the native byte order used
- by the host to/from either little- or big-endian (a.k.a network) order.
-
- Apart from the swap functions, the names can be described by this form:
- {src-order}to{dst-order}{size}. Both {src-order} and {dst-order} can
- take the following forms:
-
- h Host order.
- n Network order (big-endian).
- be Big-endian (most significant byte first).
- le Little-endian (least significant byte first).
-
- One of the specified orderings must be `h'. {size} will take these
- forms:
-
- l Long (32-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
- s Short (16-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
- 16
- 16-bit.
- 32
- 32-bit.
-
- The swap functions are of the form: swap{size}.
-
- Names involving `n' convert quantities between network byte order and
- host byte order. The last letter (`s' or `l') is a mnemonic for the tra-
- ditional names for such quantities, short and long, respectively. Today,
- the C concept of short and long integers need not coincide with this tra-
- ditional misunderstanding. On machines which have a byte order which is
- the same as the network order, routines are defined as null macros.
-
- The functions involving either ``be'', ``le'', or ``swap'' use the num-
- bers 16 and 32 for specifying the bitwidth of the quantities they operate
- on. Currently all supported architectures are either big- or little-
- endian so either the ``be'' or ``le'' variants are implemented as null
- macros.
-
- The routines mentioned above which have either {src-order} or {dst-order}
- set to `n' are most often used in conjunction with Internet addresses and
- ports as returned by gethostbyname(3) and getservent(3).
-
-SEE ALSO
- gethostbyname(3), getservent(3)
-
-HISTORY
- The byteorder functions appeared in 4.2BSD.
-
-BUGS
- On the vax, alpha, i386, and so far mips, bytes are handled backwards
- from most everyone else in the world. This is not expected to be fixed
- in the near future.
-
-BSD June 4, 1993 BSD
- </PRE
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