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->GETHOSTBYNAME(3) System Library Functions Manual GETHOSTBYNAME(3)
-
-NAME
- gethostbyname, gethostbyname2, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent,
- endhostent, hstrerror, herror - get network host entry
-
-SYNOPSIS
- #include <netdb.h>
- extern int h_errno;
-
- struct hostent *
- gethostbyname(const char *name);
-
- struct hostent *
- gethostbyname2(const char *name, int af);
-
- struct hostent *
- gethostbyaddr(const char *addr, int len, int af);
-
- struct hostent *
- gethostent(void);
-
- void
- sethostent(int stayopen);
-
- void
- endhostent(void);
-
- void
- herror(const char *string);
-
- const char *
- hstrerror(int err);
-
-DESCRIPTION
- The gethostbyname() and gethostbyaddr() functions each return a pointer
- to an object with the following structure describing an internet host
- referenced by name or by address, respectively. This structure contains
- either information obtained from the name server (i.e., resolver(3) and
- named(8)), broken-out fields from a line in /etc/hosts, or database
- entries supplied by the yp(8) system. resolv.conf(5) describes how the
- particular database is chosen.
-
- struct hostent {
- char *h_name; /* official name of host */
- char **h_aliases; /* alias list */
- int h_addrtype; /* host address type */
- int h_length; /* length of address */
- char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses from name server */
- };
- #define h_addr h_addr_list[0] /* address, for backward compatibility */
-
- The members of this structure are:
-
- h_name Official name of the host.
-
- h_aliases A zero-terminated array of alternate names for the host.
-
- h_addrtype The type of address being returned.
-
- h_length The length, in bytes, of the address.
-
- h_addr_list A zero-terminated array of network addresses for the host.
- Host addresses are returned in network byte order.
-
- h_addr The first address in h_addr_list; this is for backward com-
- patibility.
-
- The function gethostbyname() will search for the named host in the cur-
- rent domain and its parents using the search lookup semantics detailed in
- resolv.conf(5) and hostname(7).
-
- gethostbyname2() is an advanced form of gethostbyname() which allows
- lookups in address families other than AF_INET, for example AF_INET6.
-
- The gethostbyaddr() function will search for the specified address of
- length len in the address family af. The only address family currently
- supported is AF_INET.
-
- The sethostent() function may be used to request the use of a connected
- TCP socket for queries. If the stayopen flag is non-zero, this sets the
- option to send all queries to the name server using TCP and to retain the
- connection after each call to gethostbyname() or gethostbyaddr(). Other-
- wise, queries are performed using UDP datagrams.
-
- The endhostent() function closes the TCP connection.
-
- The herror() function prints an error message describing the failure. If
- its argument string is non-null, it is prepended to the message string
- and separated from it by a colon (`:') and a space. The error message is
- printed with a trailing newline. The contents of the error message is
- the same as that returned by hstrerror() with argument h_errno.
-
-FILES
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/resolv.conf
-
-DIAGNOSTICS
- Error return status from gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), and
- gethostbyaddr() is indicated by return of a null pointer. The external
- integer h_errno may then be checked to see whether this is a temporary
- failure or an invalid or unknown host.
-
- The variable h_errno can have the following values:
-
- HOST_NOT_FOUND No such host is known.
-
- TRY_AGAIN This is usually a temporary error and means that the
- local server did not receive a response from an authori-
- tative server. A retry at some later time may succeed.
-
- NO_RECOVERY Some unexpected server failure was encountered. This is
- a non-recoverable error.
-
- NO_DATA The requested name is valid but does not have an IP
- address; this is not a temporary error. This means that
- the name is known to the name server but there is no
- address associated with this name. Another type of
- request to the name server using this domain name will
- result in an answer; for example, a mail-forwarder may be
- registered for this domain.
-
-SEE ALSO
- resolver(3), getaddrinfo(3), getnameinfo(3), hosts(5), resolv.conf(5),
- hostname(7), named(8)
-
-CAVEAT
- If the search routines in resolv.conf(5) decide to read the /etc/hosts
- file, gethostent() and other functions will read the next line of the
- file, re-opening the file if necessary.
-
- The sethostent() function opens and/or rewinds the file /etc/hosts. If
- the stayopen argument is non-zero, the file will not be closed after each
- call to gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), or gethostbyaddr().
-
- The endhostent() function closes the file.
-
-HISTORY
- The herror() function appeared in 4.3BSD. The endhostent(),
- gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), gethostent(), and sethostent() func-
- tions appeared in 4.2BSD.
-
-BUGS
- These functions use static data storage; if the data is needed for future
- use, it should be copied before any subsequent calls overwrite it. Only
- the Internet address formats are currently understood.
-
- YP does not support any address families other than AF_INET and uses the
- traditional database format.
-
-BSD March 13, 1997 BSD
- </PRE
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