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+NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-GETHOSTBYNAME">gethostbyname</H1
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+>GETHOSTBYNAME(3) System Library Functions Manual GETHOSTBYNAME(3)
+
+NAME
+ gethostbyname, gethostbyname2, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent,
+ endhostent, hstrerror, herror - get network host entry
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ #include <netdb.h>
+ extern int h_errno;
+
+ struct hostent *
+ gethostbyname(const char *name);
+
+ struct hostent *
+ gethostbyname2(const char *name, int af);
+
+ struct hostent *
+ gethostbyaddr(const char *addr, int len, int af);
+
+ struct hostent *
+ gethostent(void);
+
+ void
+ sethostent(int stayopen);
+
+ void
+ endhostent(void);
+
+ void
+ herror(const char *string);
+
+ const char *
+ hstrerror(int err);
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ The gethostbyname() and gethostbyaddr() functions each return a pointer
+ to an object with the following structure describing an internet host
+ referenced by name or by address, respectively. This structure contains
+ either information obtained from the name server (i.e., resolver(3) and
+ named(8)), broken-out fields from a line in /etc/hosts, or database
+ entries supplied by the yp(8) system. resolv.conf(5) describes how the
+ particular database is chosen.
+
+ struct hostent {
+ char *h_name; /* official name of host */
+ char **h_aliases; /* alias list */
+ int h_addrtype; /* host address type */
+ int h_length; /* length of address */
+ char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses from name server */
+ };
+ #define h_addr h_addr_list[0] /* address, for backward compatibility */
+
+ The members of this structure are:
+
+ h_name Official name of the host.
+
+ h_aliases A zero-terminated array of alternate names for the host.
+
+ h_addrtype The type of address being returned.
+
+ h_length The length, in bytes, of the address.
+
+ h_addr_list A zero-terminated array of network addresses for the host.
+ Host addresses are returned in network byte order.
+
+ h_addr The first address in h_addr_list; this is for backward com-
+ patibility.
+
+ The function gethostbyname() will search for the named host in the cur-
+ rent domain and its parents using the search lookup semantics detailed in
+ resolv.conf(5) and hostname(7).
+
+ gethostbyname2() is an advanced form of gethostbyname() which allows
+ lookups in address families other than AF_INET, for example AF_INET6.
+
+ The gethostbyaddr() function will search for the specified address of
+ length len in the address family af. The only address family currently
+ supported is AF_INET.
+
+ The sethostent() function may be used to request the use of a connected
+ TCP socket for queries. If the stayopen flag is non-zero, this sets the
+ option to send all queries to the name server using TCP and to retain the
+ connection after each call to gethostbyname() or gethostbyaddr(). Other-
+ wise, queries are performed using UDP datagrams.
+
+ The endhostent() function closes the TCP connection.
+
+ The herror() function prints an error message describing the failure. If
+ its argument string is non-null, it is prepended to the message string
+ and separated from it by a colon (`:') and a space. The error message is
+ printed with a trailing newline. The contents of the error message is
+ the same as that returned by hstrerror() with argument h_errno.
+
+FILES
+ /etc/hosts
+ /etc/resolv.conf
+
+DIAGNOSTICS
+ Error return status from gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), and
+ gethostbyaddr() is indicated by return of a null pointer. The external
+ integer h_errno may then be checked to see whether this is a temporary
+ failure or an invalid or unknown host.
+
+ The variable h_errno can have the following values:
+
+ HOST_NOT_FOUND No such host is known.
+
+ TRY_AGAIN This is usually a temporary error and means that the
+ local server did not receive a response from an authori-
+ tative server. A retry at some later time may succeed.
+
+ NO_RECOVERY Some unexpected server failure was encountered. This is
+ a non-recoverable error.
+
+ NO_DATA The requested name is valid but does not have an IP
+ address; this is not a temporary error. This means that
+ the name is known to the name server but there is no
+ address associated with this name. Another type of
+ request to the name server using this domain name will
+ result in an answer; for example, a mail-forwarder may be
+ registered for this domain.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ resolver(3), getaddrinfo(3), getnameinfo(3), hosts(5), resolv.conf(5),
+ hostname(7), named(8)
+
+CAVEAT
+ If the search routines in resolv.conf(5) decide to read the /etc/hosts
+ file, gethostent() and other functions will read the next line of the
+ file, re-opening the file if necessary.
+
+ The sethostent() function opens and/or rewinds the file /etc/hosts. If
+ the stayopen argument is non-zero, the file will not be closed after each
+ call to gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), or gethostbyaddr().
+
+ The endhostent() function closes the file.
+
+HISTORY
+ The herror() function appeared in 4.3BSD. The endhostent(),
+ gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), gethostent(), and sethostent() func-
+ tions appeared in 4.2BSD.
+
+BUGS
+ These functions use static data storage; if the data is needed for future
+ use, it should be copied before any subsequent calls overwrite it. Only
+ the Internet address formats are currently understood.
+
+ YP does not support any address families other than AF_INET and uses the
+ traditional database format.
+
+BSD March 13, 1997 BSD
+ </PRE
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