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->SEND(2) System Calls Manual SEND(2)
-
-NAME
- send, sendto, sendmsg - send a message from a socket
-
-SYNOPSIS
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
-
- ssize_t
- send(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags);
-
- ssize_t
- sendto(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags,
- const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen);
-
- ssize_t
- sendmsg(int s, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags);
-
-DESCRIPTION
- send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another
- socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state,
- while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.
-
- The address of the target is given by to with tolen specifying its size.
- The length of the message is given by len. If the message is too long to
- pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is
- returned, and the message is not transmitted.
-
- No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send(). Locally
- detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.
-
- If no messages space is available at the socket to hold the message to be
- transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been
- placed in non-blocking I/O mode. The select(2) or poll(2) system calls
- may be used to determine when it is possible to send more data.
-
- The flags parameter may include one or more of the following:
-
- #define MSG_OOB 0x1 /* process out-of-band data */
- #define MSG_DONTROUTE 0x4 /* bypass routing, use direct interface */
-
- The flag MSG_OOB is used to send ``out-of-band'' data on sockets that
- support this notion (e.g., SOCK_STREAM); the underlying protocol must
- also support ``out-of-band'' data. MSG_DONTROUTE is usually used only by
- diagnostic or routing programs.
-
- See recv(2) for a description of the msghdr structure.
-
-RETURN VALUES
- The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error
- occurred.
-
-ERRORS
- send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() fail if:
-
- [EBADF] An invalid descriptor was specified.
-
- [ENOTSOCK] The argument s is not a socket.
-
- [EFAULT] An invalid user space address was specified for a
- parameter.
-
- [EMSGSIZE] The socket requires that message be sent atomically,
- and the size of the message to be sent made this
- impossible.
-
- [EAGAIN] The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested
- operation would block.
-
- [ENOBUFS] The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer.
- The operation may succeed when buffers become avail-
- able.
-
- [ENOBUFS] The output queue for a network interface was full.
- This generally indicates that the interface has
- stopped sending, but may be caused by transient con-
- gestion.
-
- [EACCES] The SO_BROADCAST option is not set on the socket, and
- a broadcast address was given as the destination.
-
- [EHOSTUNREACH] The destination address specified an unreachable host.
-
- [EINVAL] The flags parameter is invalid.
-
- [EHOSTDOWN] The destination address specified a host that is down.
-
- [ENETDOWN] The destination address specified a network that is
- down.
-
- [ECONNREFUSED] The destination host rejected the message (or a previ-
- ous one). This error can only be returned by con-
- nected sockets.
-
- [ENOPROTOOPT] There was a problem sending the message. This error
- can only be returned by connected sockets.
-
- [EDESTADDRREQ] The socket is not connected, and no destination
- address was specified.
-
- [EISCONN] The socket is already connected, and a destination
- address was specified.
-
- In addition, send() and sendto() may return the following error:
-
- [EINVAL] len was larger than SSIZE_MAX.
-
- Also, sendmsg() may return the following errors:
-
- [EINVAL] The sum of the iov_len values in the msg_iov array
- overflowed an ssize_t.
-
- [EMSGSIZE] The msg_iovlen member of msg was less than 0 or larger
- than IOV_MAX.
-
- [EAFNOSUPPORT] Addresses in the specified address family cannot be
- used with this socket.
-
-SEE ALSO
- fcntl(2), getsockopt(2), poll(2), recv(2), select(2), poll(2), socket(2),
- write(2)
-
-HISTORY
- The send() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.
-
-BSD July 28, 1998 BSD
- </PRE
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