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+>POSIX Standard Support</TITLE
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+TITLE="eCos POSIX compatibility layer"
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+TITLE="eCos POSIX compatibility layer"
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+TITLE="Process Environment [POSIX Section 4]"
+HREF="posix-process-environment.html"></HEAD
+><BODY
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+><TH
+COLSPAN="3"
+ALIGN="center"
+>eCos Reference Manual</TH
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="posix-compatibility.html"
+ACCESSKEY="P"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="80%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="posix-process-environment.html"
+ACCESSKEY="N"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="CHAPTER"
+><H1
+><A
+NAME="POSIX-STANDARD-SUPPORT">Chapter 31. POSIX Standard Support</H1
+><DIV
+CLASS="TOC"
+><DL
+><DT
+><B
+>Table of Contents</B
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-standard-support.html#POSIX-PROCESS-PRIMITIVES"
+>Process Primitives [POSIX Section 3]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-process-environment.html"
+>Process Environment [POSIX Section 4]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-files-and-directories.html"
+>Files and Directories [POSIX Section 5]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-input-and-output.html"
+>Input and Output [POSIX Section 6]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-device-and-class-specific-functions.html"
+>Device and Class Specific Functions [POSIX Section 7]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-c-language-services.html"
+>C Language Services [POSIX Section 8]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-system-databases.html"
+>System Databases [POSIX Section 9]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-data-interchange-format.html"
+>Data Interchange Format [POSIX Section 10]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-synchronization.html"
+>Synchronization [POSIX Section 11]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-memory-management.html"
+>Memory Management [POSIX Section 12]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-execution-scheduling.html"
+>Execution Scheduling [POSIX Section 13]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-clocks-and-timers.html"
+>Clocks and Timers [POSIX Section 14]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-message-passing.html"
+>Message Passing [POSIX Section 15]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-thread-management.html"
+>Thread Management [POSIX Section 16]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-thread-specific-data.html"
+>Thread-Specific Data [POSIX Section 17]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-thread-cancellation.html"
+>Thread Cancellation [POSIX Section 18]</A
+></DT
+><DT
+><A
+HREF="posix-non-posix-functions.html"
+>Non-POSIX Functions</A
+></DT
+></DL
+></DIV
+><P
+> eCos contains support for the POSIX Specification (ISO/IEC
+ 9945-1)[POSIX].
+ </P
+><P
+> POSIX support is divided between the POSIX and the FILEIO
+ packages. The POSIX package provides support for threads,
+ signals, synchronization, timers and message queues. The FILEIO
+ package provides support for file and device I/O. The two
+ packages may be used together or separately, depending on
+ configuration.
+ </P
+><P
+> This document takes a functional approach to the POSIX
+ library. Support for a function implies that the data types and
+ definitions necessary to support that function, and the objects
+ it manipulates, are also defined. Any exceptions to this are
+ noted, and unless otherwise noted, implemented functions behave
+ as specified in the POSIX standard.
+ </P
+><P
+> This document only covers the differences between the eCos
+ implementation and the standard; it does not provide complete
+ documentation. For full information, see the POSIX standard
+ [POSIX]. Online, the Open Group Single Unix
+ Specification [SUS2] provides complete documentation
+ of a superset of POSIX. If you have access to a Unix system with
+ POSIX compatibility, then the manual pages for this will be of
+ use. There are also a number of books available.
+ [Lewine] covers the process, signal, file and I/O
+ functions, while [Lewis1], [Lewis2],
+ [Nichols] and [Norton] cover Pthreads and
+ related topics (see Bibliography, xref). However, many of these
+ books are oriented toward using POSIX in non-embedded systems,
+ so care should be taken in applying them to programming under
+ eCos.
+ </P
+><P
+> The remainder of this chapter broadly follows the structure
+ of the POSIX Specification. References to the appropriate
+ section of the Standard are included.
+ </P
+><P
+> Omitted functions marked with “// TBA”
+ are potential candidates for later implementation.
+ </P
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="POSIX-PROCESS-PRIMITIVES">Process Primitives [POSIX Section 3]</H1
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN12979">Functions Implemented</H2
+><TABLE
+BORDER="5"
+BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
+WIDTH="70%"
+><TR
+><TD
+><PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>int kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
+int pthread_kill(pthread_t thread, int sig);
+int sigaction(int sig, const struct sigaction *act,
+ struct sigaction *oact);
+int sigqueue(pid_t pid, int sig, const union sigval value);
+int sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set,
+ sigset_t *oset);
+int pthread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t *set,
+ sigset_t *oset);
+int sigpending(sigset_t *set);
+int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *set);
+int sigwait(const sigset_t *set, int *sig);
+int sigwaitinfo(const sigset_t *set, siginfo_t *info);
+int sigtimedwait(const sigset_t *set, siginfo_t *info,
+ const struct timespec *timeout);
+int sigemptyset(sigset_t *set);
+int sigfillset(sigset_t *set);
+int sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signo);
+int sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signo);
+int sigismember(const sigset_t *set, int signo);
+unsigned int alarm( unsigned int seconds );
+int pause( void );
+unsigned int sleep( unsigned int seconds );</PRE
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN12982">Functions Omitted</H2
+><TABLE
+BORDER="5"
+BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
+WIDTH="70%"
+><TR
+><TD
+><PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>pid_t fork(void);
+int execl( const char *path, const char *arg, ... );
+int execv( const char *path, char *const argv[] );
+int execle( const char *path, const char *arg, ... );
+int execve( const char *path, char *const argv[],
+ char *const envp[] );
+int execlp( const char *path, const char *arg, ... );
+int execvp( const char *path, char *const argv[] );
+int pthread_atfork( void(*prepare)(void),
+ void (*parent)(void),
+ void (*child)() );
+pid_t wait( int *stat_loc );
+pid_t waitpid( pid_t pid, int *stat_loc,
+ int options );
+void _exit( int status );</PRE
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN12985">Notes</H2
+><P
+></P
+><UL
+><LI
+><P
+> Signal handling may be enabled or disabled with the
+ CYGPKG_POSIX_SIGNALS option. Since signals are used
+ by other POSIX components, such as timers, disabling signals will
+ disable those components too.
+ </P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+> <SPAN
+CLASS="emphasis"
+><I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>kill()</I
+></SPAN
+> and
+ <SPAN
+CLASS="emphasis"
+><I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>sigqueue()</I
+></SPAN
+> may only take a
+ <SPAN
+CLASS="strong"
+><B
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>pid</B
+></SPAN
+> argument of zero,
+ which maps to the current process.
+ </P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+> The <SPAN
+CLASS="emphasis"
+><I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>SIGEV_THREAD</I
+></SPAN
+> notification type is
+ not currently implemented.
+ </P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+> Job Control and Memory Protection signals are
+ not supported.
+ </P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+> An extra implementation defined
+ <SPAN
+CLASS="emphasis"
+><I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>si_code</I
+></SPAN
+> value,
+ <SPAN
+CLASS="emphasis"
+><I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>SI_EXCEPT</I
+></SPAN
+>, is defined to
+ distinguish hardware generated exceptions from
+ others.
+ </P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+> Extra signals are defined:
+ _SIGTRAP_,_SIGIOT_,
+ _SIGEMT_, and _SIGSYS_. These are
+ largely to maintain compatibility with the signal numbers used by
+ GDB.
+ </P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+> Signal delivery may currently occur at unexpected places in some
+ API functions. Using <SPAN
+CLASS="emphasis"
+><I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>longjmp()</I
+></SPAN
+> to transfer
+ control out of a signal handler may result in the interrupted
+ function not being able to complete properly. This may result in
+ later function calls failing or deadlocking.
+ </P
+></LI
+></UL
+></DIV
+></DIV
+></DIV
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