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1 Table of interleaving 2-4 controllers
2 =====================================
3   +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
4   |Configuration |                    Memory Controller                      |
5   |              |       1              2              3             4       |
6   |--------------+--------------+--------------+-----------------------------+
7   | Two memory   | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed |                             |
8   | complexes    +--------------+--------------+                             |
9   |              |      2-way Intlv'ed         |                             |
10   |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+              |
11   |              | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed |              |
12   | Three memory +--------------+--------------+--------------+              |
13   | complexes    |         2-way Intlv'ed      | Not Intlv'ed |              |
14   |              +-----------------------------+--------------+              |
15   |              |                  3-way Intlv'ed            |              |
16   +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
17   |              | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed | Not Intlv'ed |
18   | Four memory  +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
19   | complexes    |       2-way Intlv'ed        |       2-way Intlv'ed        |
20   |              +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
21   |              |                      4-way Intlv'ed                       |
22   +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
23
24
25 Table of 2-way interleaving modes supported in cpu/8xxx/ddr/
26 ======================================================
27   +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
28   |             |                   Rank Interleaving                     |
29   |             +--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
30   |Memory       |        |           |           |    2x2     |    4x1    |
31   |Controller   |  None  | 2x1 lower | 2x1 upper | {CS0+CS1}, | {CS0+CS1+ |
32   |Interleaving |        | {CS0+CS1} | {CS2+CS3} | {CS2+CS3}  |  CS2+CS3} |
33   +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
34   |None         |  Yes   | Yes       | Yes       | Yes        | Yes       |
35   +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
36   |Cacheline    |  Yes   | Yes       | No        | No, Only(*)| Yes       |
37   |             |CS0 Only|           |           | {CS0+CS1}  |           |
38   +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
39   |Page         |  Yes   | Yes       | No        | No, Only(*)| Yes       |
40   |             |CS0 Only|           |           | {CS0+CS1}  |           |
41   +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
42   |Bank         |  Yes   | Yes       | No        | No, Only(*)| Yes       |
43   |             |CS0 Only|           |           | {CS0+CS1}  |           |
44   +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
45   |Superbank    |  No    | Yes       | No        | No, Only(*)| Yes       |
46   |             |        |           |           | {CS0+CS1}  |           |
47   +-------------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+
48  (*) Although the hardware can be configured with memory controller
49  interleaving using "2x2" rank interleaving, it only interleaves {CS0+CS1}
50  from each controller. {CS2+CS3} on each controller are only rank
51  interleaved on that controller.
52
53  For memory controller interleaving, identical DIMMs are suggested. Software
54  doesn't check the size or organization of interleaved DIMMs.
55
56 The ways to configure the ddr interleaving mode
57 ==============================================
58 1. In board header file(e.g.MPC8572DS.h), add default interleaving setting
59    under "CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS", like:
60         #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                               \
61          "hwconfig=fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=bank"                     \
62          ......
63
64 2. Run u-boot "setenv" command to configure the memory interleaving mode.
65    Either numerical or string value is accepted.
66
67   # disable memory controller interleaving
68   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=null"
69
70   # cacheline interleaving
71   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=cacheline"
72
73   # page interleaving
74   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=page"
75
76   # bank interleaving
77   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=bank"
78
79   # superbank
80   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=superbank"
81
82   # 1KB 3-way interleaving
83   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=3way_1KB"
84
85   # 4KB 3-way interleaving
86   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=3way_4KB"
87
88   # 8KB 3-way interleaving
89   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:ctlr_intlv=3way_8KB"
90
91   # disable bank (chip-select) interleaving
92   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=null"
93
94   # bank(chip-select) interleaving cs0+cs1
95   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs0_cs1"
96
97   # bank(chip-select) interleaving cs2+cs3
98   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs2_cs3"
99
100   # bank(chip-select) interleaving (cs0+cs1) and (cs2+cs3)  (2x2)
101   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs0_cs1_and_cs2_cs3"
102
103   # bank(chip-select) interleaving (cs0+cs1+cs2+cs3) (4x1)
104   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=cs0_cs1_cs2_cs3"
105
106   # bank(chip-select) interleaving (auto)
107   setenv hwconfig "fsl_ddr:bank_intlv=auto"
108   This auto mode only select from cs0_cs1_cs2_cs3, cs0_cs1, null dependings
109   on DIMMs.
110
111 Memory controller address hashing
112 ==================================
113 If the DDR controller supports address hashing, it can be enabled by hwconfig.
114
115 Syntax is:
116 hwconfig=fsl_ddr:addr_hash=true
117
118 Memory controller ECC on/off
119 ============================
120 If ECC is enabled in board configuratoin file, i.e. #define CONFIG_DDR_ECC,
121 ECC can be turned on/off by hwconfig.
122
123 Syntax is
124 hwconfig=fsl_ddr:ecc=off
125
126 Memory testing options for mpc85xx
127 ==================================
128 1. Memory test can be done once U-boot prompt comes up using mtest, or
129 2. Memory test can be done with Power-On-Self-Test function, activated at
130    compile time.
131
132    In order to enable the POST memory test, CONFIG_POST needs to be
133    defined in board configuraiton header file. By default, POST memory test
134    performs a fast test. A slow test can be enabled by changing the flag at
135    compiling time. To test memory bigger than 2GB, 36BIT support is needed.
136    Memory is tested within a 2GB window. TLBs are used to map the virtual 2GB
137    window to physical address so that all physical memory can be tested.
138
139 Combination of hwconfig
140 =======================
141 Hwconfig can be combined with multiple parameters, for example, on a supported
142 platform
143
144 hwconfig=fsl_ddr:addr_hash=true,ctlr_intlv=cacheline,bank_intlv=cs0_cs1_cs2_cs3,ecc=on
145
146 Table for dynamic ODT for DDR3
147 ==============================
148 For single-slot system with quad-rank DIMM and dual-slot system, dynamic ODT may
149 be needed, depending on the configuration. The numbers in the following tables are
150 in Ohms.
151
152 * denotes dynamic ODT
153
154 Two slots system
155 +-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
156 |     Configuration     |          |DRAM controller|           Slot 1            |            Slot 2           |
157 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
158 |           |           |          |       |       |     Rank 1   |     Rank 2   |   Rank 1     |    Rank 2    |
159 +  Slot 1   |   Slot 2  |Write/Read| Write | Read  |-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
160 |           |           |          |       |       | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read |
161 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
162 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120   | off  | off   | off  | off   | off  | 30    | 30   |
163 | Dual Rank | Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
164 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | off   | off  | 30    | 30   | 120   | off  | off   | off  |
165 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
166 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120   | off  | off   | off  | 20    | 20   |       |      |
167 | Dual Rank |Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
168 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | off   | off  | 20    | 20   | 120  *| off  |       |      |
169 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
170 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120  *| off  |       |      | off   | off  | 20    | 20   |
171 |Single Rank| Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
172 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | 20    | 20   |       |      | 120   | off  | off   | off  |
173 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
174 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 120  *| off  |       |      | 30    | 30   |       |      |
175 |Single Rank|Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
176 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    | 30    | 30   |       |      | 120  *| off  |       |      |
177 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
178 | Dual Rank |   Empty   |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 40    | off  | off   | off  |       |      |       |      |
179 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
180 |   Empty   | Dual Rank |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |       |      |       |      | 40    | off  | off   | off  |
181 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
182 |Single Rank|   Empty   |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 40    | off  |       |      |       |      |       |      |
183 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
184 |   Empty   |Single Rank|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |       |      |       |      | 40    | off  |       |      |
185 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
186
187 Single slot system
188 +-------------+------------+---------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
189 |             |            |DRAM controller|     Rank 1   |    Rank 2    |    Rank 3    |    Rank 4    |
190 |Configuration| Write/Read |-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
191 |             |            | Write | Read  | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read |
192 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
193 |             |   R1       | off   | 75    | 120  *| off  | off   | off  | 20    | 20   | off   | off  |
194 |             |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
195 |             |   R2       | off   | 75    | off   | 20   | 120   | off  | 20    | 20   | off   | off  |
196 |  Quad Rank  |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
197 |             |   R3       | off   | 75    | 20    | 20   | off   | off  | 120  *| off  | off   | off  |
198 |             |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
199 |             |   R4       | off   | 75    | 20    | 20   | off   | off  | off   | 20   | 120   | off  |
200 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
201 |             |   R1       | off   | 75    | 40    | off  | off   | off  |
202 |  Dual Rank  |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
203 |             |   R2       | off   | 75    | 40    | off  | off   | off  |
204 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
205 | Single Rank |   R1       | off   | 75    | 40    | off  |
206 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+
207
208 Reference http://www.xrosstalkmag.com/mag_issues/xrosstalk_oct08_final.pdf
209           http://download.micron.com/pdf/technotes/ddr3/tn4108_ddr3_design_guide.pdf
210
211
212 Table for ODT for DDR2
213 ======================
214 Two slots system
215 +-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
216 |     Configuration     |          |DRAM controller|           Slot 1            |            Slot 2           |
217 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
218 |           |           |          |       |       |     Rank 1   |     Rank 2   |   Rank 1     |    Rank 2    |
219 +  Slot 1   |   Slot 2  |Write/Read| Write | Read  |-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
220 |           |           |          |       |       | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read | Write | Read |
221 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
222 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  | off   | off  | 75    | 75   | off   | off  |
223 | Dual Rank | Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
224 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   | off   | off  | off   | off  | off   | off  |
225 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
226 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  | off   | off  | 75    | 75   |       |      |
227 | Dual Rank |Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
228 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   | off   | off  | off   | off  |       |      |
229 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
230 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  |       |      | 75    | 75   | off   | off  |
231 |Single Rank| Dual Rank |----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
232 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   |       |      | off   | off  | off   | off  |
233 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
234 |           |           |  Slot 1  |  off  | 150   | off   | off  |       |      | 75    | 75   |       |      |
235 |Single Rank|Single Rank|----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
236 |           |           |  Slot 2  |  off  | 150   | 75    | 75   |       |      | off   | off  |       |      |
237 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
238 | Dual Rank |   Empty   |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 150   | off  | off   | off  |       |      |       |      |
239 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
240 |   Empty   | Dual Rank |  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |       |      |       |      | 150   | off  | off   | off  |
241 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
242 |Single Rank|   Empty   |  Slot 1  |  off  | 75    | 150   | off  |       |      |       |      |       |      |
243 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
244 |   Empty   |Single Rank|  Slot 2  |  off  | 75    |       |      |       |      | 150   | off  |       |      |
245 +-----------+-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+
246
247 Single slot system
248 +-------------+------------+---------------+-----------------------------+
249 |             |            |DRAM controller|     Rank 1   |    Rank 2    |
250 |Configuration| Write/Read |-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
251 |             |            | Write | Read  | Write | Read | Write | Read |
252 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
253 |             |   R1       | off   | 75    | 150   | off  | off   | off  |
254 |  Dual Rank  |------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
255 |             |   R2       | off   | 75    | 150   | off  | off   | off  |
256 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+------+
257 | Single Rank |   R1       | off   | 75    | 150   | off  |
258 +-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+------+
259
260 Reference http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/products/dram/downloads/applicationnote/ddr2_odt_control_200603.pdf
261
262
263 Interactive DDR debugging
264 ===========================
265
266 For DDR parameter tuning up and debugging, the interactive DDR debugger can
267 be activated by setting the environment variable "ddr_interactive" to any
268 value.  (The value of ddr_interactive may have a meaning in the future, but,
269 for now, the presence of the variable will cause the debugger to run.)  Once
270 activated, U-boot will show the prompt "FSL DDR>" before enabling the DDR
271 controller.  The available commands are printed by typing "help".
272
273 Another way to enter the interactive DDR debugger without setting the
274 environment variable is to send the 'd' character early during the boot
275 process.  To save booting time, no additional delay is added, so the window
276 to send the key press is very short -- basically, it is the time before the
277 memory controller code starts to run.  For example, when rebooting from
278 within u-boot, the user must press 'd' IMMEDIATELY after hitting enter to
279 initiate a 'reset' command.  In case of power on/reset, the user can hold
280 down the 'd' key while applying power or hitting the board's reset button.
281
282 The example flow of using interactive debugging is
283 type command "compute" to calculate the parameters from the default
284 type command "print" with arguments to show SPD, options, registers
285 type command "edit" with arguments to change any if desired
286 type command "copy" with arguments to copy controller/dimm settings
287 type command "go" to continue calculation and enable DDR controller
288
289 Additional commands to restart the debugging are:
290 type command "reset" to reset the board
291 type command "recompute" to reload SPD and start over
292
293 Note, check "next_step" to show the flow. For example, after edit opts, the
294 next_step is STEP_ASSIGN_ADDRESSES. After editing registers, the next_step is
295 STEP_PROGRAM_REGS.  Upon issuing command "go", the debugger will program the
296 DDR controller with the current setting without further calculation and then
297 exit to resume the booting of the machine.
298
299 The detail syntax for each commands are
300
301 print [c<n>] [d<n>] [spd] [dimmparms] [commonparms] [opts] [addresses] [regs]
302         c<n>            - the controller number, eg. c0, c1
303         d<n>            - the DIMM number, eg. d0, d1
304         spd             - print SPD data
305         dimmparms       - DIMM parameters, calculated from SPD
306         commonparms     - lowest common parameters for all DIMMs
307         opts            - options
308         addresses       - address assignment (not implemented yet)
309         regs            - controller registers
310
311 edit <c#> <d#> <spd|dimmparms|commonparms|opts|addresses|regs> <element> <value>
312         c<n>            - the controller number, eg. c0, c1
313         d<n>            - the DIMM number, eg. d0, d1
314         spd             - print SPD data
315         dimmparms       - DIMM parameters, calculated from SPD
316         commonparms     - lowest common parameters for all DIMMs
317         opts            - options
318         addresses       - address assignment (not implemented yet)
319         regs            - controller registers
320         <element>       - name of the modified element
321                           byte number if the object is SPD
322         <value>         - decimal or heximal (prefixed with 0x) numbers
323
324 copy <src c#> <src d#> <spd|dimmparms|commonparms|opts|addresses|regs> <dst c#> <dst d#>
325         same as for "edit" command
326         DIMM numbers ignored for commonparms, opts, and regs
327
328 reset
329         no arguement    - reset the board
330
331 recompute
332         no argument     - reload SPD and start over
333
334 compute
335         no argument     - recompute from current next_step
336
337 next_step
338         no argument     - show current next_step
339
340 help
341         no argument     - print a list of all commands
342
343 go
344         no argument     - program memory controller(s) and continue with U-boot
345
346 Examples of debugging flow
347
348         FSL DDR>compute
349         Detected UDIMM UG51U6400N8SU-ACF
350         FSL DDR>print
351         print [c<n>] [d<n>] [spd] [dimmparms] [commonparms] [opts] [addresses] [regs]
352         FSL DDR>print dimmparms
353         DIMM parameters:  Controller=0 DIMM=0
354         DIMM organization parameters:
355         module part name = UG51U6400N8SU-ACF
356         rank_density = 2147483648 bytes (2048 megabytes)
357         capacity = 4294967296 bytes (4096 megabytes)
358         burst_lengths_bitmask = 0C
359         base_addresss = 0 (00000000 00000000)
360         n_ranks = 2
361         data_width = 64
362         primary_sdram_width = 64
363         ec_sdram_width = 0
364         registered_dimm = 0
365         n_row_addr = 15
366         n_col_addr = 10
367         edc_config = 0
368         n_banks_per_sdram_device = 8
369         tCKmin_X_ps = 1500
370         tCKmin_X_minus_1_ps = 0
371         tCKmin_X_minus_2_ps = 0
372         tCKmax_ps = 0
373         caslat_X = 960
374         tAA_ps = 13125
375         caslat_X_minus_1 = 0
376         caslat_X_minus_2 = 0
377         caslat_lowest_derated = 0
378         tRCD_ps = 13125
379         tRP_ps = 13125
380         tRAS_ps = 36000
381         tWR_ps = 15000
382         tWTR_ps = 7500
383         tRFC_ps = 160000
384         tRRD_ps = 6000
385         tRC_ps = 49125
386         refresh_rate_ps = 7800000
387         tIS_ps = 0
388         tIH_ps = 0
389         tDS_ps = 0
390         tDH_ps = 0
391         tRTP_ps = 7500
392         tDQSQ_max_ps = 0
393         tQHS_ps = 0
394         FSL DDR>edit c0 opts ECC_mode 0
395         FSL DDR>edit c0 regs cs0_bnds 0x000000FF
396         FSL DDR>go
397         2 GiB left unmapped
398         4 GiB (DDR3, 64-bit, CL=9, ECC off)
399                DDR Chip-Select Interleaving Mode: CS0+CS1
400         Testing 0x00000000 - 0x7fffffff
401         Testing 0x80000000 - 0xffffffff
402         Remap DDR 2 GiB left unmapped
403
404         POST memory PASSED
405         Flash: 128 MiB
406         L2:    128 KB enabled
407         Corenet Platform Cache: 1024 KB enabled
408         SERDES: timeout resetting bank 3
409         SRIO1: disabled
410         SRIO2: disabled
411         MMC:  FSL_ESDHC: 0
412         EEPROM: Invalid ID (ff ff ff ff)
413         PCIe1: disabled
414         PCIe2: Root Complex, x1, regs @ 0xfe201000
415           01:00.0     - 8086:10d3 - Network controller
416         PCIe2: Bus 00 - 01
417         PCIe3: disabled
418         In:    serial
419         Out:   serial
420         Err:   serial
421         Net:   Initializing Fman
422         Fman1: Uploading microcode version 101.8.0
423         e1000: 00:1b:21:81:d2:e0
424         FM1@DTSEC1, FM1@DTSEC2, FM1@DTSEC3, FM1@DTSEC4, FM1@DTSEC5, e1000#0 [PRIME]
425         Warning: e1000#0 MAC addresses don't match:
426         Address in SROM is         00:1b:21:81:d2:e0
427         Address in environment is  00:e0:0c:00:ea:05
428
429         Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
430         =>