tools/mxsboot.c

   1 /*
   2  * Freescale i.MX28 image generator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2011 Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>
   5  * on behalf of DENX Software Engineering GmbH
   6  *
   7  * SPDX-License-Identifier:     GPL-2.0+
   8  */
   9
  10 #include <fcntl.h>
  11 #include <sys/stat.h>
  12 #include <sys/types.h>
  13 #include <unistd.h>
  14
  15 #include "compiler.h"
  16
  17 /*
  18  * Default BCB layout.
  19  *
  20  * TWEAK this if you have blown any OCOTP fuses.
  21  */
  22 #define STRIDE_PAGES            64
  23 #define STRIDE_COUNT            4
  24
  25 /*
  26  * Layout for 256Mb big NAND with 2048b page size, 64b OOB size and
  27  * 128kb erase size.
  28  *
  29  * TWEAK this if you have different kind of NAND chip.
  30  */
  31 static uint32_t nand_writesize = 2048;
  32 static uint32_t nand_oobsize = 64;
  33 static uint32_t nand_erasesize = 128 * 1024;
  34
  35 /*
  36  * Sector on which the SigmaTel boot partition (0x53) starts.
  37  */
  38 static uint32_t sd_sector = 2048;
  39
  40 /*
  41  * Each of the U-Boot bootstreams is at maximum 1MB big.
  42  *
  43  * TWEAK this if, for some wild reason, you need to boot bigger image.
  44  */
  45 #define MAX_BOOTSTREAM_SIZE     (1 * 1024 * 1024)
  46
  47 /* i.MX28 NAND controller-specific constants. DO NOT TWEAK! */
  48 #define MXS_NAND_DMA_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT           4
  49 #define MXS_NAND_CHUNK_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE          512
  50 #define MXS_NAND_METADATA_SIZE                  10
  51 #define MXS_NAND_COMMAND_BUFFER_SIZE            32
  52
  53 struct mx28_nand_fcb {
  54         uint32_t                checksum;
  55         uint32_t                fingerprint;
  56         uint32_t                version;
  57         struct {
  58                 uint8_t                 data_setup;
  59                 uint8_t                 data_hold;
  60                 uint8_t                 address_setup;
  61                 uint8_t                 dsample_time;
  62                 uint8_t                 nand_timing_state;
  63                 uint8_t                 rea;
  64                 uint8_t                 rloh;
  65                 uint8_t                 rhoh;
  66         }                       timing;
  67         uint32_t                page_data_size;
  68         uint32_t                total_page_size;
  69         uint32_t                sectors_per_block;
  70         uint32_t                number_of_nands;                /* Ignored */
  71         uint32_t                total_internal_die;             /* Ignored */
  72         uint32_t                cell_type;                      /* Ignored */
  73         uint32_t                ecc_block_n_ecc_type;
  74         uint32_t                ecc_block_0_size;
  75         uint32_t                ecc_block_n_size;
  76         uint32_t                ecc_block_0_ecc_type;
  77         uint32_t                metadata_bytes;
  78         uint32_t                num_ecc_blocks_per_page;
  79         uint32_t                ecc_block_n_ecc_level_sdk;      /* Ignored */
  80         uint32_t                ecc_block_0_size_sdk;           /* Ignored */
  81         uint32_t                ecc_block_n_size_sdk;           /* Ignored */
  82         uint32_t                ecc_block_0_ecc_level_sdk;      /* Ignored */
  83         uint32_t                num_ecc_blocks_per_page_sdk;    /* Ignored */
  84         uint32_t                metadata_bytes_sdk;             /* Ignored */
  85         uint32_t                erase_threshold;
  86         uint32_t                boot_patch;
  87         uint32_t                patch_sectors;
  88         uint32_t                firmware1_starting_sector;
  89         uint32_t                firmware2_starting_sector;
  90         uint32_t                sectors_in_firmware1;
  91         uint32_t                sectors_in_firmware2;
  92         uint32_t                dbbt_search_area_start_address;
  93         uint32_t                badblock_marker_byte;
  94         uint32_t                badblock_marker_start_bit;
  95         uint32_t                bb_marker_physical_offset;
  96 };
  97
  98 struct mx28_nand_dbbt {
  99         uint32_t                checksum;
 100         uint32_t                fingerprint;
 101         uint32_t                version;
 102         uint32_t                number_bb;
 103         uint32_t                number_2k_pages_bb;
 104 };
 105
 106 struct mx28_nand_bbt {
 107         uint32_t                nand;
 108         uint32_t                number_bb;
 109         uint32_t                badblock[510];
 110 };
 111
 112 struct mx28_sd_drive_info {
 113         uint32_t                chip_num;
 114         uint32_t                drive_type;
 115         uint32_t                tag;
 116         uint32_t                first_sector_number;
 117         uint32_t                sector_count;
 118 };
 119
 120 struct mx28_sd_config_block {
 121         uint32_t                        signature;
 122         uint32_t                        primary_boot_tag;
 123         uint32_t                        secondary_boot_tag;
 124         uint32_t                        num_copies;
 125         struct mx28_sd_drive_info       drv_info[1];
 126 };
 127
 128 static inline uint32_t mx28_nand_ecc_size_in_bits(uint32_t ecc_strength)
 129 {
 130         return ecc_strength * 13;
 131 }
 132
 133 static inline uint32_t mx28_nand_get_ecc_strength(uint32_t page_data_size,
 134                                                 uint32_t page_oob_size)
 135 {
 136         if (page_data_size == 2048)
 137                 return 8;
 138
 139         if (page_data_size == 4096) {
 140                 if (page_oob_size == 128)
 141                         return 8;
 142
 143                 if (page_oob_size == 218)
 144                         return 16;
 145
 146                 if (page_oob_size == 224)
 147                         return 16;
 148         }
 149
 150         return 0;
 151 }
 152
 153 static inline uint32_t mx28_nand_get_mark_offset(uint32_t page_data_size,
 154                                                 uint32_t ecc_strength)
 155 {
 156         uint32_t chunk_data_size_in_bits;
 157         uint32_t chunk_ecc_size_in_bits;
 158         uint32_t chunk_total_size_in_bits;
 159         uint32_t block_mark_chunk_number;
 160         uint32_t block_mark_chunk_bit_offset;
 161         uint32_t block_mark_bit_offset;
 162
 163         chunk_data_size_in_bits = MXS_NAND_CHUNK_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE * 8;
 164         chunk_ecc_size_in_bits  = mx28_nand_ecc_size_in_bits(ecc_strength);
 165
 166         chunk_total_size_in_bits =
 167                         chunk_data_size_in_bits + chunk_ecc_size_in_bits;
 168
 169         /* Compute the bit offset of the block mark within the physical page. */
 170         block_mark_bit_offset = page_data_size * 8;
 171
 172         /* Subtract the metadata bits. */
 173         block_mark_bit_offset -= MXS_NAND_METADATA_SIZE * 8;
 174
 175         /*
 176          * Compute the chunk number (starting at zero) in which the block mark
 177          * appears.
 178          */
 179         block_mark_chunk_number =
 180                         block_mark_bit_offset / chunk_total_size_in_bits;
 181
 182         /*
 183          * Compute the bit offset of the block mark within its chunk, and
 184          * validate it.
 185          */
 186         block_mark_chunk_bit_offset = block_mark_bit_offset -
 187                         (block_mark_chunk_number * chunk_total_size_in_bits);
 188
 189         if (block_mark_chunk_bit_offset > chunk_data_size_in_bits)
 190                 return 1;
 191
 192         /*
 193          * Now that we know the chunk number in which the block mark appears,
 194          * we can subtract all the ECC bits that appear before it.
 195          */
 196         block_mark_bit_offset -=
 197                 block_mark_chunk_number * chunk_ecc_size_in_bits;
 198
 199         return block_mark_bit_offset;
 200 }
 201
 202 static inline uint32_t mx28_nand_mark_byte_offset(void)
 203 {
 204         uint32_t ecc_strength;
 205         ecc_strength = mx28_nand_get_ecc_strength(nand_writesize, nand_oobsize);
 206         return mx28_nand_get_mark_offset(nand_writesize, ecc_strength) >> 3;
 207 }
 208
 209 static inline uint32_t mx28_nand_mark_bit_offset(void)
 210 {
 211         uint32_t ecc_strength;
 212         ecc_strength = mx28_nand_get_ecc_strength(nand_writesize, nand_oobsize);
 213         return mx28_nand_get_mark_offset(nand_writesize, ecc_strength) & 0x7;
 214 }
 215
 216 static uint32_t mx28_nand_block_csum(uint8_t *block, uint32_t size)
 217 {
 218         uint32_t csum = 0;
 219         int i;
 220
 221         for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
 222                 csum += block[i];
 223
 224         return csum ^ 0xffffffff;
 225 }
 226
 227 static struct mx28_nand_fcb *mx28_nand_get_fcb(uint32_t size)
 228 {
 229         struct mx28_nand_fcb *fcb;
 230         uint32_t bcb_size_bytes;
 231         uint32_t stride_size_bytes;
 232         uint32_t bootstream_size_pages;
 233         uint32_t fw1_start_page;
 234         uint32_t fw2_start_page;
 235
 236         fcb = malloc(nand_writesize);
 237         if (!fcb) {
 238                 printf("MX28 NAND: Unable to allocate FCB\n");
 239                 return NULL;
 240         }
 241
 242         memset(fcb, 0, nand_writesize);
 243
 244         fcb->fingerprint =                      0x20424346;
 245         fcb->version =                          0x01000000;
 246
 247         /*
 248          * FIXME: These here are default values as found in kobs-ng. We should
 249          * probably retrieve the data from NAND or something.
 250          */
 251         fcb->timing.data_setup =                80;
 252         fcb->timing.data_hold =                 60;
 253         fcb->timing.address_setup =             25;
 254         fcb->timing.dsample_time =              6;
 255
 256         fcb->page_data_size =           nand_writesize;
 257         fcb->total_page_size =          nand_writesize + nand_oobsize;
 258         fcb->sectors_per_block =        nand_erasesize / nand_writesize;
 259
 260         fcb->num_ecc_blocks_per_page =  (nand_writesize / 512) - 1;
 261         fcb->ecc_block_0_size =         512;
 262         fcb->ecc_block_n_size =         512;
 263         fcb->metadata_bytes =           10;
 264
 265         if (nand_writesize == 2048) {
 266                 fcb->ecc_block_n_ecc_type =             4;
 267                 fcb->ecc_block_0_ecc_type =             4;
 268         } else if (nand_writesize == 4096) {
 269                 if (nand_oobsize == 128) {
 270                         fcb->ecc_block_n_ecc_type =     4;
 271                         fcb->ecc_block_0_ecc_type =     4;
 272                 } else if (nand_oobsize == 218) {
 273                         fcb->ecc_block_n_ecc_type =     8;
 274                         fcb->ecc_block_0_ecc_type =     8;
 275                 } else if (nand_oobsize == 224) {
 276                         fcb->ecc_block_n_ecc_type =     8;
 277                         fcb->ecc_block_0_ecc_type =     8;
 278                 }
 279         }
 280
 281         if (fcb->ecc_block_n_ecc_type == 0) {
 282                 printf("MX28 NAND: Unsupported NAND geometry\n");
 283                 goto err;
 284         }
 285
 286         fcb->boot_patch =                       0;
 287         fcb->patch_sectors =                    0;
 288
 289         fcb->badblock_marker_byte =     mx28_nand_mark_byte_offset();
 290         fcb->badblock_marker_start_bit = mx28_nand_mark_bit_offset();
 291         fcb->bb_marker_physical_offset = nand_writesize;
 292
 293         stride_size_bytes = STRIDE_PAGES * nand_writesize;
 294         bcb_size_bytes = stride_size_bytes * STRIDE_COUNT;
 295
 296         bootstream_size_pages = (size + (nand_writesize - 1)) /
 297                                         nand_writesize;
 298
 299         fw1_start_page = 2 * bcb_size_bytes / nand_writesize;
 300         fw2_start_page = (2 * bcb_size_bytes + MAX_BOOTSTREAM_SIZE) /
 301                                 nand_writesize;
 302
 303         fcb->firmware1_starting_sector =        fw1_start_page;
 304         fcb->firmware2_starting_sector =        fw2_start_page;
 305         fcb->sectors_in_firmware1 =             bootstream_size_pages;
 306         fcb->sectors_in_firmware2 =             bootstream_size_pages;
 307
 308         fcb->dbbt_search_area_start_address =   STRIDE_PAGES * STRIDE_COUNT;
 309
 310         return fcb;
 311
 312 err:
 313         free(fcb);
 314         return NULL;
 315 }
 316
 317 static struct mx28_nand_dbbt *mx28_nand_get_dbbt(void)
 318 {
 319         struct mx28_nand_dbbt *dbbt;
 320
 321         dbbt = malloc(nand_writesize);
 322         if (!dbbt) {
 323                 printf("MX28 NAND: Unable to allocate DBBT\n");
 324                 return NULL;
 325         }
 326
 327         memset(dbbt, 0, nand_writesize);
 328
 329         dbbt->fingerprint       = 0x54424244;
 330         dbbt->version           = 0x1;
 331
 332         return dbbt;
 333 }
 334
 335 static inline uint8_t mx28_nand_parity_13_8(const uint8_t b)
 336 {
 337         uint32_t parity = 0, tmp;
 338
 339         tmp = ((b >> 6) ^ (b >> 5) ^ (b >> 3) ^ (b >> 2)) & 1;
 340         parity |= tmp << 0;
 341
 342         tmp = ((b >> 7) ^ (b >> 5) ^ (b >> 4) ^ (b >> 2) ^ (b >> 1)) & 1;
 343         parity |= tmp << 1;
 344
 345         tmp = ((b >> 7) ^ (b >> 6) ^ (b >> 5) ^ (b >> 1) ^ (b >> 0)) & 1;
 346         parity |= tmp << 2;
 347
 348         tmp = ((b >> 7) ^ (b >> 4) ^ (b >> 3) ^ (b >> 0)) & 1;
 349         parity |= tmp << 3;
 350
 351         tmp = ((b >> 6) ^ (b >> 4) ^ (b >> 3) ^
 352                 (b >> 2) ^ (b >> 1) ^ (b >> 0)) & 1;
 353         parity |= tmp << 4;
 354
 355         return parity;
 356 }
 357
 358 static uint8_t *mx28_nand_fcb_block(struct mx28_nand_fcb *fcb)
 359 {
 360         uint8_t *block;
 361         uint8_t *ecc;
 362         int i;
 363
 364         block = malloc(nand_writesize + nand_oobsize);
 365         if (!block) {
 366                 printf("MX28 NAND: Unable to allocate FCB block\n");
 367                 return NULL;
 368         }
 369
 370         memset(block, 0, nand_writesize + nand_oobsize);
 371
 372         /* Update the FCB checksum */
 373         fcb->checksum = mx28_nand_block_csum(((uint8_t *)fcb) + 4, 508);
 374
 375         /* Figure 12-11. in iMX28RM, rev. 1, says FCB is at offset 12 */
 376         memcpy(block + 12, fcb, sizeof(struct mx28_nand_fcb));
 377
 378         /* ECC is at offset 12 + 512 */
 379         ecc = block + 12 + 512;
 380
 381         /* Compute the ECC parity */
 382         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(struct mx28_nand_fcb); i++)
 383                 ecc[i] = mx28_nand_parity_13_8(block[i + 12]);
 384
 385         return block;
 386 }
 387
 388 static int mx28_nand_write_fcb(struct mx28_nand_fcb *fcb, uint8_t *buf)
 389 {
 390         uint32_t offset;
 391         uint8_t *fcbblock;
 392         int ret = 0;
 393         int i;
 394
 395         fcbblock = mx28_nand_fcb_block(fcb);
 396         if (!fcbblock)
 397                 return -1;
 398
 399         for (i = 0; i < STRIDE_PAGES * STRIDE_COUNT; i += STRIDE_PAGES) {
 400                 offset = i * nand_writesize;
 401                 memcpy(buf + offset, fcbblock, nand_writesize + nand_oobsize);
 402                 /* Mark the NAND page is OK. */
 403                 buf[offset + nand_writesize] = 0xff;
 404         }
 405
 406         free(fcbblock);
 407         return ret;
 408 }
 409
 410 static int mx28_nand_write_dbbt(struct mx28_nand_dbbt *dbbt, uint8_t *buf)
 411 {
 412         uint32_t offset;
 413         int i = STRIDE_PAGES * STRIDE_COUNT;
 414
 415         for (; i < 2 * STRIDE_PAGES * STRIDE_COUNT; i += STRIDE_PAGES) {
 416                 offset = i * nand_writesize;
 417                 memcpy(buf + offset, dbbt, sizeof(struct mx28_nand_dbbt));
 418         }
 419
 420         return 0;
 421 }
 422
 423 static int mx28_nand_write_firmware(struct mx28_nand_fcb *fcb, int infd,
 424                                     uint8_t *buf)
 425 {
 426         int ret;
 427         off_t size;
 428         uint32_t offset1, offset2;
 429
 430         size = lseek(infd, 0, SEEK_END);
 431         lseek(infd, 0, SEEK_SET);
 432
 433         offset1 = fcb->firmware1_starting_sector * nand_writesize;
 434         offset2 = fcb->firmware2_starting_sector * nand_writesize;
 435
 436         ret = read(infd, buf + offset1, size);
 437         if (ret != size)
 438                 return -1;
 439
 440         memcpy(buf + offset2, buf + offset1, size);
 441
 442         return 0;
 443 }
 444
 445 static void usage(void)
 446 {
 447         printf(
 448                 "Usage: mxsboot [ops] <type> <infile> <outfile>\n"
 449                 "Augment BootStream file with a proper header for i.MX28 boot\n"
 450                 "\n"
 451                 "  <type>       type of image:\n"
 452                 "                 \"nand\" for NAND image\n"
 453                 "                 \"sd\" for SD image\n"
 454                 "  <infile>     input file, the u-boot.sb bootstream\n"
 455                 "  <outfile>    output file, the bootable image\n"
 456                 "\n");
 457         printf(
 458                 "For NAND boot, these options are accepted:\n"
 459                 "  -w <size>    NAND page size\n"
 460                 "  -o <size>    NAND OOB size\n"
 461                 "  -e <size>    NAND erase size\n"
 462                 "\n"
 463                 "For SD boot, these options are accepted:\n"
 464                 "  -p <sector>  Sector where the SGTL partition starts\n"
 465         );
 466 }
 467
 468 static int mx28_create_nand_image(int infd, int outfd)
 469 {
 470         struct mx28_nand_fcb *fcb;
 471         struct mx28_nand_dbbt *dbbt;
 472         int ret = -1;
 473         uint8_t *buf;
 474         int size;
 475         ssize_t wr_size;
 476
 477         size = nand_writesize * 512 + 2 * MAX_BOOTSTREAM_SIZE;
 478
 479         buf = malloc(size);
 480         if (!buf) {
 481                 printf("Can not allocate output buffer of %d bytes\n", size);
 482                 goto err0;
 483         }
 484
 485         memset(buf, 0, size);
 486
 487         fcb = mx28_nand_get_fcb(MAX_BOOTSTREAM_SIZE);
 488         if (!fcb) {
 489                 printf("Unable to compile FCB\n");
 490                 goto err1;
 491         }
 492
 493         dbbt = mx28_nand_get_dbbt();
 494         if (!dbbt) {
 495                 printf("Unable to compile DBBT\n");
 496                 goto err2;
 497         }
 498
 499         ret = mx28_nand_write_fcb(fcb, buf);
 500         if (ret) {
 501                 printf("Unable to write FCB to buffer\n");
 502                 goto err3;
 503         }
 504
 505         ret = mx28_nand_write_dbbt(dbbt, buf);
 506         if (ret) {
 507                 printf("Unable to write DBBT to buffer\n");
 508                 goto err3;
 509         }
 510
 511         ret = mx28_nand_write_firmware(fcb, infd, buf);
 512         if (ret) {
 513                 printf("Unable to write firmware to buffer\n");
 514                 goto err3;
 515         }
 516
 517         wr_size = write(outfd, buf, size);
 518         if (wr_size != size) {
 519                 ret = -1;
 520                 goto err3;
 521         }
 522
 523         ret = 0;
 524
 525 err3:
 526         free(dbbt);
 527 err2:
 528         free(fcb);
 529 err1:
 530         free(buf);
 531 err0:
 532         return ret;
 533 }
 534
 535 static int mx28_create_sd_image(int infd, int outfd)
 536 {
 537         int ret = -1;
 538         uint32_t *buf;
 539         int size;
 540         off_t fsize;
 541         ssize_t wr_size;
 542         struct mx28_sd_config_block *cb;
 543
 544         fsize = lseek(infd, 0, SEEK_END);
 545         lseek(infd, 0, SEEK_SET);
 546         size = fsize + 4 * 512;
 547
 548         buf = malloc(size);
 549         if (!buf) {
 550                 printf("Can not allocate output buffer of %d bytes\n", size);
 551                 goto err0;
 552         }
 553
 554         ret = read(infd, (uint8_t *)buf + 4 * 512, fsize);
 555         if (ret != fsize) {
 556                 ret = -1;
 557                 goto err1;
 558         }
 559
 560         cb = (struct mx28_sd_config_block *)buf;
 561
 562         cb->signature = 0x00112233;
 563         cb->primary_boot_tag = 0x1;
 564         cb->secondary_boot_tag = 0x1;
 565         cb->num_copies = 1;
 566         cb->drv_info[0].chip_num = 0x0;
 567         cb->drv_info[0].drive_type = 0x0;
 568         cb->drv_info[0].tag = 0x1;
 569         cb->drv_info[0].first_sector_number = sd_sector + 4;
 570         cb->drv_info[0].sector_count = (size - 4) / 512;
 571
 572         wr_size = write(outfd, buf, size);
 573         if (wr_size != size) {
 574                 ret = -1;
 575                 goto err1;
 576         }
 577
 578         ret = 0;
 579
 580 err1:
 581         free(buf);
 582 err0:
 583         return ret;
 584 }
 585
 586 static int parse_ops(int argc, char **argv)
 587 {
 588         int i;
 589         int tmp;
 590         char *end;
 591         enum param {
 592                 PARAM_WRITE,
 593                 PARAM_OOB,
 594                 PARAM_ERASE,
 595                 PARAM_PART,
 596                 PARAM_SD,
 597                 PARAM_NAND
 598         };
 599         int type;
 600
 601         if (argc < 4)
 602                 return -1;
 603
 604         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 605                 if (!strncmp(argv[i], "-w", 2))
 606                         type = PARAM_WRITE;
 607                 else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "-o", 2))
 608                         type = PARAM_OOB;
 609                 else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "-e", 2))
 610                         type = PARAM_ERASE;
 611                 else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "-p", 2))
 612                         type = PARAM_PART;
 613                 else    /* SD/MMC */
 614                         break;
 615
 616                 tmp = strtol(argv[++i], &end, 10);
 617                 if (tmp % 2)
 618                         return -1;
 619                 if (tmp <= 0)
 620                         return -1;
 621
 622                 if (type == PARAM_WRITE)
 623                         nand_writesize = tmp;
 624                 if (type == PARAM_OOB)
 625                         nand_oobsize = tmp;
 626                 if (type == PARAM_ERASE)
 627                         nand_erasesize = tmp;
 628                 if (type == PARAM_PART)
 629                         sd_sector = tmp;
 630         }
 631
 632         if (strcmp(argv[i], "sd") && strcmp(argv[i], "nand"))
 633                 return -1;
 634
 635         if (i + 3 != argc)
 636                 return -1;
 637
 638         return i;
 639 }
 640
 641 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 642 {
 643         int infd, outfd;
 644         int ret = 0;
 645         int offset;
 646
 647         offset = parse_ops(argc, argv);
 648         if (offset < 0) {
 649                 usage();
 650                 ret = 1;
 651                 goto err1;
 652         }
 653
 654         infd = open(argv[offset + 1], O_RDONLY);
 655         if (infd < 0) {
 656                 printf("Input BootStream file can not be opened\n");
 657                 ret = 2;
 658                 goto err1;
 659         }
 660
 661         outfd = open(argv[offset + 2], O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY,
 662                                         S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
 663         if (outfd < 0) {
 664                 printf("Output file can not be created\n");
 665                 ret = 3;
 666                 goto err2;
 667         }
 668
 669         if (!strcmp(argv[offset], "sd"))
 670                 ret = mx28_create_sd_image(infd, outfd);
 671         else if (!strcmp(argv[offset], "nand"))
 672                 ret = mx28_create_nand_image(infd, outfd);
 673
 674         close(outfd);
 675 err2:
 676         close(infd);
 677 err1:
 678         return ret;
 679 }