+++ /dev/null
-/*
- * (C) Copyright 2003
- * Kyle Harris, Nexus Technologies, Inc. kharris@nexus-tech.net
- *
- * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
- * project.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
- * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- * MA 02111-1307 USA
- */
-
-#include <config.h>
-#include <common.h>
-#include <mmc.h>
-#include <asm/errno.h>
-#include <asm/arch/hardware.h>
-#include <part.h>
-#include <asm/io.h>
-
-#include "pxa_mmc.h"
-
-extern int fat_register_device(block_dev_desc_t * dev_desc, int part_no);
-
-static block_dev_desc_t mmc_dev;
-
-block_dev_desc_t *mmc_get_dev(int dev)
-{
- return ((block_dev_desc_t *) & mmc_dev);
-}
-
-/*
- * FIXME needs to read cid and csd info to determine block size
- * and other parameters
- */
-static uchar mmc_buf[MMC_BLOCK_SIZE];
-static uchar spec_ver;
-static int mmc_ready = 0;
-static int wide = 0;
-
-static uint32_t *
-/****************************************************/
-mmc_cmd(ushort cmd, ushort argh, ushort argl, ushort cmdat)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- static uint32_t resp[4], a, b, c;
- uint32_t status;
- int i;
-
- debug("mmc_cmd %u 0x%04x 0x%04x 0x%04x\n", cmd, argh, argl,
- cmdat | wide);
- writel(MMC_STRPCL_STOP_CLK, MMC_STRPCL);
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_CLK_IS_OFF, MMC_I_MASK);
- while (!(readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_CLK_IS_OFF))
- ;
- writel(cmd, MMC_CMD);
- writel(argh, MMC_ARGH);
- writel(argl, MMC_ARGL);
- writel(cmdat | wide, MMC_CMDAT);
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_END_CMD_RES, MMC_I_MASK);
- writel(MMC_STRPCL_START_CLK, MMC_STRPCL);
- while (!(readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_END_CMD_RES))
- ;
-
- status = readl(MMC_STAT);
- debug("MMC status 0x%08x\n", status);
- if (status & MMC_STAT_TIME_OUT_RESPONSE) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- /* Linux says:
- * Did I mention this is Sick. We always need to
- * discard the upper 8 bits of the first 16-bit word.
- */
- a = (readl(MMC_RES) & 0xffff);
- for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
- b = (readl(MMC_RES) & 0xffff);
- c = (readl(MMC_RES) & 0xffff);
- resp[i] = (a << 24) | (b << 8) | (c >> 8);
- a = c;
- debug("MMC resp[%d] = %#08x\n", i, resp[i]);
- }
-
- return resp;
-}
-
-int
-/****************************************************/
-mmc_block_read(uchar * dst, uint32_t src, int len)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- ushort argh, argl;
- ulong status;
-
- if (len == 0) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- debug("mmc_block_rd dst %p src %08x len %d\n", dst, src, len);
-
- argh = len >> 16;
- argl = len & 0xffff;
-
- /* set block len */
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN, argh, argl, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
-
- /* send read command */
- argh = src >> 16;
- argl = src & 0xffff;
- writel(MMC_STRPCL_STOP_CLK, MMC_STRPCL);
- writel(0xffff, MMC_RDTO);
- writel(1, MMC_NOB);
- writel(len, MMC_BLKLEN);
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, argh, argl,
- MMC_CMDAT_R1 | MMC_CMDAT_READ | MMC_CMDAT_BLOCK |
- MMC_CMDAT_DATA_EN);
-
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_RXFIFO_RD_REQ, MMC_I_MASK);
- while (len) {
- if (readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_RXFIFO_RD_REQ) {
-#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_PXA27X) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MONAHANS)
- int i;
- for (i = min(len, 32); i; i--) {
- *dst++ = readb(MMC_RXFIFO);
- len--;
- }
-#else
- *dst++ = readb(MMC_RXFIFO);
- len--;
-#endif
- }
- status = readl(MMC_STAT);
- if (status & MMC_STAT_ERRORS) {
- printf("MMC_STAT error %lx\n", status);
- return -1;
- }
- }
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_DATA_TRAN_DONE, MMC_I_MASK);
- while (!(readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_DATA_TRAN_DONE))
- ;
- status = readl(MMC_STAT);
- if (status & MMC_STAT_ERRORS) {
- printf("MMC_STAT error %lx\n", status);
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-int
-/****************************************************/
-mmc_block_write(ulong dst, uchar * src, int len)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- ushort argh, argl;
- ulong status;
-
- if (len == 0) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- debug("mmc_block_wr dst %lx src %lx len %d\n", dst, (ulong) src, len);
-
- argh = len >> 16;
- argl = len & 0xffff;
-
- /* set block len */
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN, argh, argl, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
-
- /* send write command */
- argh = dst >> 16;
- argl = dst & 0xffff;
- writel(MMC_STRPCL_STOP_CLK, MMC_STRPCL);
- writel(1, MMC_NOB);
- writel(len, MMC_BLKLEN);
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_WRITE_SINGLE_BLOCK, argh, argl,
- MMC_CMDAT_R1 | MMC_CMDAT_WRITE | MMC_CMDAT_BLOCK |
- MMC_CMDAT_DATA_EN);
-
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_TXFIFO_WR_REQ, MMC_I_MASK);
- while (len) {
- if (readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_TXFIFO_WR_REQ) {
- int i, bytes = min(32, len);
-
- for (i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
- writel(*src++, MMC_TXFIFO);
- }
- if (bytes < 32) {
- writel(MMC_PRTBUF_BUF_PART_FULL, MMC_PRTBUF);
- }
- len -= bytes;
- }
- status = readl(MMC_STAT);
- if (status & MMC_STAT_ERRORS) {
- printf("MMC_STAT error %lx\n", status);
- return -1;
- }
- }
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_DATA_TRAN_DONE, MMC_I_MASK);
- while (!(readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_DATA_TRAN_DONE))
- ;
- writel(~MMC_I_MASK_PRG_DONE, MMC_I_MASK);
- while (!(readl(MMC_I_REG) & MMC_I_REG_PRG_DONE))
- ;
- status = readl(MMC_STAT);
- if (status & MMC_STAT_ERRORS) {
- printf("MMC_STAT error %lx\n", status);
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-int
-/****************************************************/
-pxa_mmc_read(long src, uchar * dst, int size)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- ulong end, part_start, part_end, part_len, aligned_start, aligned_end;
- ulong mmc_block_size, mmc_block_address;
-
- if (size == 0) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (!mmc_ready) {
- printf("Please initial the MMC first\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- mmc_block_size = MMC_BLOCK_SIZE;
- mmc_block_address = ~(mmc_block_size - 1);
-
- src -= CONFIG_SYS_MMC_BASE;
- end = src + size;
- part_start = ~mmc_block_address & src;
- part_end = ~mmc_block_address & end;
- aligned_start = mmc_block_address & src;
- aligned_end = mmc_block_address & end;
-
- /* all block aligned accesses */
- debug
- ("src %lx dst %lx end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, (ulong) dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if (part_start) {
- part_len = mmc_block_size - part_start;
- debug
- ("ps src %lx dst %lx end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, (ulong) dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if ((mmc_block_read(mmc_buf, aligned_start, mmc_block_size)) <
- 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- memcpy(dst, mmc_buf + part_start, part_len);
- dst += part_len;
- src += part_len;
- }
- debug
- ("src %lx dst %lx end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, (ulong) dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- for (; src < aligned_end; src += mmc_block_size, dst += mmc_block_size) {
- debug
- ("al src %lx dst %lx end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, (ulong) dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if ((mmc_block_read((uchar *) (dst), src, mmc_block_size)) < 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- }
- debug
- ("src %lx dst %lx end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, (ulong) dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if (part_end && src < end) {
- debug
- ("pe src %lx dst %lx end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, (ulong) dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if ((mmc_block_read(mmc_buf, aligned_end, mmc_block_size)) < 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- memcpy(dst, mmc_buf, part_end);
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-int
-/****************************************************/
-pxa_mmc_write(uchar * src, uint32_t dst, int size)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- ulong end, part_start, part_end, part_len, aligned_start, aligned_end;
- ulong mmc_block_size, mmc_block_address;
-
- if (size == 0) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (!mmc_ready) {
- printf("Please initial the MMC first\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- mmc_block_size = MMC_BLOCK_SIZE;
- mmc_block_address = ~(mmc_block_size - 1);
-
- dst -= CONFIG_SYS_MMC_BASE;
- end = dst + size;
- part_start = ~mmc_block_address & dst;
- part_end = ~mmc_block_address & end;
- aligned_start = mmc_block_address & dst;
- aligned_end = mmc_block_address & end;
-
- /* all block aligned accesses */
- debug
- ("src %p dst %08x end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if (part_start) {
- part_len = mmc_block_size - part_start;
- debug
- ("ps src %p dst %08x end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if ((mmc_block_read(mmc_buf, aligned_start, mmc_block_size)) <
- 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- memcpy(mmc_buf + part_start, src, part_len);
- if ((mmc_block_write(aligned_start, mmc_buf, mmc_block_size)) <
- 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- dst += part_len;
- src += part_len;
- }
- debug
- ("src %p dst %08x end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- for (; dst < aligned_end; src += mmc_block_size, dst += mmc_block_size) {
- debug
- ("al src %p dst %08x end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if ((mmc_block_write(dst, (uchar *) src, mmc_block_size)) < 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- }
- debug
- ("src %p dst %08x end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if (part_end && dst < end) {
- debug
- ("pe src %p dst %08x end %lx pstart %lx pend %lx astart %lx aend %lx\n",
- src, dst, end, part_start, part_end, aligned_start,
- aligned_end);
- if ((mmc_block_read(mmc_buf, aligned_end, mmc_block_size)) < 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- memcpy(mmc_buf, src, part_end);
- if ((mmc_block_write(aligned_end, mmc_buf, mmc_block_size)) < 0) {
- return -1;
- }
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-static ulong
-/****************************************************/
-mmc_bread(int dev_num, ulong blknr, lbaint_t blkcnt, void *dst)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- int mmc_block_size = MMC_BLOCK_SIZE;
- ulong src = blknr * mmc_block_size + CONFIG_SYS_MMC_BASE;
-
- pxa_mmc_read(src, (uchar *) dst, blkcnt * mmc_block_size);
- return blkcnt;
-}
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-#define likely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
-#define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
-#else
-#define likely(x) (x)
-#define unlikely(x) (x)
-#endif
-
-#define UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,start,size) \
- ({ \
- const int __size = size; \
- const uint32_t __mask = (__size < 32 ? 1 << __size : 0) - 1; \
- const int32_t __off = 3 - ((start) / 32); \
- const int32_t __shft = (start) & 31; \
- uint32_t __res; \
- \
- __res = resp[__off] >> __shft; \
- if (__size + __shft > 32) \
- __res |= resp[__off-1] << ((32 - __shft) % 32); \
- __res & __mask; \
- })
-
-/*
- * Given the decoded CSD structure, decode the raw CID to our CID structure.
- */
-static void mmc_decode_cid(uint32_t * resp)
-{
- if (IF_TYPE_SD == mmc_dev.if_type) {
- /*
- * SD doesn't currently have a version field so we will
- * have to assume we can parse this.
- */
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.vendor,
- "Man %02x OEM %c%c \"%c%c%c%c%c\" Date %02u/%04u",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 120, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 112, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 104, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 96, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 88, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 80, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 72, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 64, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 8, 4), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 12,
- 8) + 2000);
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.revision, "%d.%d",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 60, 4), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 56, 4));
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.product, "%u",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 24, 32));
- } else {
- /*
- * The selection of the format here is based upon published
- * specs from sandisk and from what people have reported.
- */
- switch (spec_ver) {
- case 0: /* MMC v1.0 - v1.2 */
- case 1: /* MMC v1.4 */
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.vendor,
- "Man %02x%02x%02x \"%c%c%c%c%c%c%c\" Date %02u/%04u",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 120, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 112,
- 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 104, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 96, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 88, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 80, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 72, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 64, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 56, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 48, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 12, 4), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 8,
- 4) +
- 1997);
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.revision, "%d.%d",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 44, 4), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 40, 4));
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.product, "%u",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 16, 24));
- break;
-
- case 2: /* MMC v2.0 - v2.2 */
- case 3: /* MMC v3.1 - v3.3 */
- case 4: /* MMC v4 */
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.vendor,
- "Man %02x OEM %04x \"%c%c%c%c%c%c\" Date %02u/%04u",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 120, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 104,
- 16),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 96, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 88, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 80, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 72, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 64, 8), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp,
- 56, 8),
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 12, 4), UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 8,
- 4) +
- 1997);
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.product, "%u",
- UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 16, 32));
- sprintf((char *)mmc_dev.revision, "N/A");
- break;
-
- default:
- printf("MMC card has unknown MMCA version %d\n",
- spec_ver);
- break;
- }
- }
- printf("%s card.\nVendor: %s\nProduct: %s\nRevision: %s\n",
- (IF_TYPE_SD == mmc_dev.if_type) ? "SD" : "MMC", mmc_dev.vendor,
- mmc_dev.product, mmc_dev.revision);
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a 128-bit response, decode to our card CSD structure.
- */
-static void mmc_decode_csd(uint32_t * resp)
-{
- unsigned int mult, csd_struct;
-
- if (IF_TYPE_SD == mmc_dev.if_type) {
- csd_struct = UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 126, 2);
- if (csd_struct != 0) {
- printf("SD: unrecognised CSD structure version %d\n",
- csd_struct);
- return;
- }
- } else {
- /*
- * We only understand CSD structure v1.1 and v1.2.
- * v1.2 has extra information in bits 15, 11 and 10.
- */
- csd_struct = UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 126, 2);
- if (csd_struct != 1 && csd_struct != 2) {
- printf("MMC: unrecognised CSD structure version %d\n",
- csd_struct);
- return;
- }
-
- spec_ver = UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 122, 4);
- mmc_dev.if_type = IF_TYPE_MMC;
- }
-
- mult = 1 << (UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 47, 3) + 2);
- mmc_dev.lba = (1 + UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 62, 12)) * mult;
- mmc_dev.blksz = 1 << UNSTUFF_BITS(resp, 80, 4);
-
- /* FIXME: The following just makes assumes that's the partition type -- should really read it */
- mmc_dev.part_type = PART_TYPE_DOS;
- mmc_dev.dev = 0;
- mmc_dev.lun = 0;
- mmc_dev.type = DEV_TYPE_HARDDISK;
- mmc_dev.removable = 0;
- mmc_dev.block_read = mmc_bread;
-
- printf("Detected: %lu blocks of %lu bytes (%luMB) ",
- mmc_dev.lba,
- mmc_dev.blksz,
- mmc_dev.lba * mmc_dev.blksz / (1024 * 1024));
-}
-
-int
-/****************************************************/
-mmc_legacy_init(int verbose)
-/****************************************************/
-{
- int retries, rc = -ENODEV;
- uint32_t cid_resp[4];
- uint32_t *resp;
- uint16_t rca = 0;
-
- /* Reset device interface type */
- mmc_dev.if_type = IF_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_MONAHANS /* pxa3xx */
- writel(readl(CKENA) | CKENA_12_MMC0 | CKENA_13_MMC1, CKENA);
-#else /* pxa2xx */
- writel(readl(CKEN) | CKEN12_MMC, CKEN); /* enable MMC unit clock */
-#endif
- writel(MMC_CLKRT_0_3125MHZ, MMC_CLKRT);
- writel(MMC_RES_TO_MAX, MMC_RESTO);
- writel(MMC_SPI_DISABLE, MMC_SPI);
-
- /* reset */
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0, 0, MMC_CMDAT_INIT | MMC_CMDAT_R0);
- udelay(200000);
- retries = 3;
- while (retries--) {
- resp = mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_APP_CMD, 0, 0, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
- if (!(resp[0] & 0x00000020)) { /* Card does not support APP_CMD */
- debug("Card does not support APP_CMD\n");
- break;
- }
-
- /* Select 3.2-3.3V and 3.3-3.4V */
- resp = mmc_cmd(SD_CMD_APP_SEND_OP_COND, 0x0030, 0x0000,
- MMC_CMDAT_R3 | (retries < 2 ? 0
- : MMC_CMDAT_INIT));
- if (resp[0] & 0x80000000) {
- mmc_dev.if_type = IF_TYPE_SD;
- debug("Detected SD card\n");
- break;
- }
- udelay(200000);
- }
-
- if (retries <= 0 || !(IF_TYPE_SD == mmc_dev.if_type)) {
- debug("Failed to detect SD Card, trying MMC\n");
- resp =
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SEND_OP_COND, 0x00ff, 0x8000, MMC_CMDAT_R3);
-
- retries = 10;
- while (retries-- && resp && !(resp[0] & 0x80000000)) {
- udelay(200000);
- resp =
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SEND_OP_COND, 0x00ff, 0x8000,
- MMC_CMDAT_R3);
- }
- }
-
- /* try to get card id */
- resp =
- mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_ALL_SEND_CID, 0, 0, MMC_CMDAT_R2 | MMC_CMDAT_BUSY);
- if (resp) {
- memcpy(cid_resp, resp, sizeof(cid_resp));
-
- /* MMC exists, get CSD too */
- resp = mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SET_RELATIVE_ADDR, 0, 0, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
- if (IF_TYPE_SD == mmc_dev.if_type)
- rca = ((resp[0] & 0xffff0000) >> 16);
- resp = mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SEND_CSD, rca, 0, MMC_CMDAT_R2);
- if (resp) {
- mmc_decode_csd(resp);
- rc = 0;
- mmc_ready = 1;
- }
-
- mmc_decode_cid(cid_resp);
- }
-
- writel(0, MMC_CLKRT); /* 20 MHz */
- resp = mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_SELECT_CARD, rca, 0, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
-
-#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_PXA27X) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MONAHANS)
- if (IF_TYPE_SD == mmc_dev.if_type) {
- resp = mmc_cmd(MMC_CMD_APP_CMD, rca, 0, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
- resp = mmc_cmd(SD_CMD_APP_SET_BUS_WIDTH, 0, 2, MMC_CMDAT_R1);
- wide = MMC_CMDAT_SD_4DAT;
- }
-#endif
-
- fat_register_device(&mmc_dev, 1); /* partitions start counting with 1 */
-
- return rc;
-}
projects / karo-tx-uboot.git / commitdiff