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+NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-BYTEORDER">byteorder</H1
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+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>BYTEORDER(3) System Library Functions Manual BYTEORDER(3)
+
+NAME
+ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, htobe32, htobe16, betoh32, betoh16, htole32,
+ htole16, letoh32, letoh16, swap32, swap16 - convert values between dif-
+ ferent byte orderings
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ #include <sys/types.h>
+ #include <machine/endian.h>
+
+ u_int32_t
+ htonl(u_int32_t host32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ htons(u_int16_t host16);
+
+ u_int32_t
+ ntohl(u_int32_t net32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ ntohs(u_int16_t net16);
+
+ u_int32_t
+ htobe32(u_int32_t host32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ htobe16(u_int16_t host16);
+
+ u_int32_t
+ betoh32(u_int32_t big32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ betoh16(u_int16_t big16);
+
+ u_int32_t
+ htole32(u_int32_t host32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ htole16(u_int16_t host16);
+
+ u_int32_t
+ letoh32(u_int32_t little32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ letoh16(u_int16_t little16);
+
+ u_int32_t
+ swap32(u_int32_t val32);
+
+ u_int16_t
+ swap16(u_int16_t val16);
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ These routines convert 16- and 32-bit quantities between different byte
+ orderings. The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given
+ quantity, the others converts either from/to the native byte order used
+ by the host to/from either little- or big-endian (a.k.a network) order.
+
+ Apart from the swap functions, the names can be described by this form:
+ {src-order}to{dst-order}{size}. Both {src-order} and {dst-order} can
+ take the following forms:
+
+ h Host order.
+ n Network order (big-endian).
+ be Big-endian (most significant byte first).
+ le Little-endian (least significant byte first).
+
+ One of the specified orderings must be `h'. {size} will take these
+ forms:
+
+ l Long (32-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
+ s Short (16-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
+ 16
+ 16-bit.
+ 32
+ 32-bit.
+
+ The swap functions are of the form: swap{size}.
+
+ Names involving `n' convert quantities between network byte order and
+ host byte order. The last letter (`s' or `l') is a mnemonic for the tra-
+ ditional names for such quantities, short and long, respectively. Today,
+ the C concept of short and long integers need not coincide with this tra-
+ ditional misunderstanding. On machines which have a byte order which is
+ the same as the network order, routines are defined as null macros.
+
+ The functions involving either ``be'', ``le'', or ``swap'' use the num-
+ bers 16 and 32 for specifying the bitwidth of the quantities they operate
+ on. Currently all supported architectures are either big- or little-
+ endian so either the ``be'' or ``le'' variants are implemented as null
+ macros.
+
+ The routines mentioned above which have either {src-order} or {dst-order}
+ set to `n' are most often used in conjunction with Internet addresses and
+ ports as returned by gethostbyname(3) and getservent(3).
+
+SEE ALSO
+ gethostbyname(3), getservent(3)
+
+HISTORY
+ The byteorder functions appeared in 4.2BSD.
+
+BUGS
+ On the vax, alpha, i386, and so far mips, bytes are handled backwards
+ from most everyone else in the world. This is not expected to be fixed
+ in the near future.
+
+BSD June 4, 1993 BSD
+ </PRE
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