2 * Based on arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
5 * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/export.h>
22 #include <linux/errno.h>
23 #include <linux/swap.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
26 #include <linux/cache.h>
27 #include <linux/mman.h>
28 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
29 #include <linux/initrd.h>
30 #include <linux/gfp.h>
31 #include <linux/memblock.h>
32 #include <linux/sort.h>
33 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
34 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
35 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
36 #include <linux/efi.h>
37 #include <linux/swiotlb.h>
40 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
41 #include <asm/kasan.h>
42 #include <asm/kernel-pgtable.h>
43 #include <asm/memory.h>
45 #include <asm/sections.h>
46 #include <asm/setup.h>
47 #include <asm/sizes.h>
49 #include <asm/alternative.h>
54 * We need to be able to catch inadvertent references to memstart_addr
55 * that occur (potentially in generic code) before arm64_memblock_init()
56 * executes, which assigns it its actual value. So use a default value
57 * that cannot be mistaken for a real physical address.
59 s64 memstart_addr __ro_after_init = -1;
60 phys_addr_t arm64_dma_phys_limit __ro_after_init;
62 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
63 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
65 unsigned long start, size;
68 start = memparse(p, &endp);
70 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
73 initrd_end = start + size;
77 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
81 * Return the maximum physical address for ZONE_DMA (DMA_BIT_MASK(32)). It
82 * currently assumes that for memory starting above 4G, 32-bit devices will
85 static phys_addr_t __init max_zone_dma_phys(void)
87 phys_addr_t offset = memblock_start_of_DRAM() & GENMASK_ULL(63, 32);
88 return min(offset + (1ULL << 32), memblock_end_of_DRAM());
93 static void __init zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
95 unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {0};
97 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA))
98 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA] = PFN_DOWN(max_zone_dma_phys());
99 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max;
101 free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
106 static void __init zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
108 struct memblock_region *reg;
109 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
110 unsigned long max_dma = min;
112 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
114 /* 4GB maximum for 32-bit only capable devices */
115 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
116 max_dma = PFN_DOWN(arm64_dma_phys_limit);
117 zone_size[ZONE_DMA] = max_dma - min;
119 zone_size[ZONE_NORMAL] = max - max_dma;
121 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
123 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
124 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
125 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
130 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
131 if (start < max_dma) {
132 unsigned long dma_end = min(end, max_dma);
133 zhole_size[ZONE_DMA] -= dma_end - start;
137 unsigned long normal_end = min(end, max);
138 unsigned long normal_start = max(start, max_dma);
139 zhole_size[ZONE_NORMAL] -= normal_end - normal_start;
143 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
146 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
148 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
149 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
151 return memblock_is_map_memory(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
153 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
156 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
157 static void __init arm64_memory_present(void)
161 static void __init arm64_memory_present(void)
163 struct memblock_region *reg;
165 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
166 int nid = memblock_get_region_node(reg);
168 memory_present(nid, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
169 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
174 static phys_addr_t memory_limit = (phys_addr_t)ULLONG_MAX;
177 * Limit the memory size that was specified via FDT.
179 static int __init early_mem(char *p)
184 memory_limit = memparse(p, &p) & PAGE_MASK;
185 pr_notice("Memory limited to %lldMB\n", memory_limit >> 20);
189 early_param("mem", early_mem);
191 void __init arm64_memblock_init(void)
193 const s64 linear_region_size = -(s64)PAGE_OFFSET;
196 * Ensure that the linear region takes up exactly half of the kernel
197 * virtual address space. This way, we can distinguish a linear address
198 * from a kernel/module/vmalloc address by testing a single bit.
200 BUILD_BUG_ON(linear_region_size != BIT(VA_BITS - 1));
203 * Select a suitable value for the base of physical memory.
205 memstart_addr = round_down(memblock_start_of_DRAM(),
206 ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN);
209 * Remove the memory that we will not be able to cover with the
210 * linear mapping. Take care not to clip the kernel which may be
213 memblock_remove(max_t(u64, memstart_addr + linear_region_size, __pa(_end)),
215 if (memstart_addr + linear_region_size < memblock_end_of_DRAM()) {
216 /* ensure that memstart_addr remains sufficiently aligned */
217 memstart_addr = round_up(memblock_end_of_DRAM() - linear_region_size,
218 ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN);
219 memblock_remove(0, memstart_addr);
223 * Apply the memory limit if it was set. Since the kernel may be loaded
224 * high up in memory, add back the kernel region that must be accessible
225 * via the linear mapping.
227 if (memory_limit != (phys_addr_t)ULLONG_MAX) {
228 memblock_mem_limit_remove_map(memory_limit);
229 memblock_add(__pa(_text), (u64)(_end - _text));
232 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD) && initrd_start) {
234 * Add back the memory we just removed if it results in the
235 * initrd to become inaccessible via the linear mapping.
236 * Otherwise, this is a no-op
238 u64 base = initrd_start & PAGE_MASK;
239 u64 size = PAGE_ALIGN(initrd_end) - base;
242 * We can only add back the initrd memory if we don't end up
243 * with more memory than we can address via the linear mapping.
244 * It is up to the bootloader to position the kernel and the
245 * initrd reasonably close to each other (i.e., within 32 GB of
246 * each other) so that all granule/#levels combinations can
247 * always access both.
249 if (WARN(base < memblock_start_of_DRAM() ||
250 base + size > memblock_start_of_DRAM() +
252 "initrd not fully accessible via the linear mapping -- please check your bootloader ...\n")) {
255 memblock_remove(base, size); /* clear MEMBLOCK_ flags */
256 memblock_add(base, size);
257 memblock_reserve(base, size);
261 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)) {
262 extern u16 memstart_offset_seed;
263 u64 range = linear_region_size -
264 (memblock_end_of_DRAM() - memblock_start_of_DRAM());
267 * If the size of the linear region exceeds, by a sufficient
268 * margin, the size of the region that the available physical
269 * memory spans, randomize the linear region as well.
271 if (memstart_offset_seed > 0 && range >= ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN) {
272 range = range / ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN + 1;
273 memstart_addr -= ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN *
274 ((range * memstart_offset_seed) >> 16);
279 * Register the kernel text, kernel data, initrd, and initial
280 * pagetables with memblock.
282 memblock_reserve(__pa(_text), _end - _text);
283 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
285 memblock_reserve(initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start);
287 /* the generic initrd code expects virtual addresses */
288 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(initrd_start);
289 initrd_end = __phys_to_virt(initrd_end);
293 early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
295 /* 4GB maximum for 32-bit only capable devices */
296 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA))
297 arm64_dma_phys_limit = max_zone_dma_phys();
299 arm64_dma_phys_limit = PHYS_MASK + 1;
300 dma_contiguous_reserve(arm64_dma_phys_limit);
302 memblock_allow_resize();
305 void __init bootmem_init(void)
307 unsigned long min, max;
309 min = PFN_UP(memblock_start_of_DRAM());
310 max = PFN_DOWN(memblock_end_of_DRAM());
312 early_memtest(min << PAGE_SHIFT, max << PAGE_SHIFT);
314 max_pfn = max_low_pfn = max;
318 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(), so must be
319 * done after the fixed reservations.
321 arm64_memory_present();
324 zone_sizes_init(min, max);
326 high_memory = __va((max << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
330 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
331 static inline void free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
333 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
334 unsigned long pg, pgend;
337 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
339 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
340 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
343 * Convert to physical addresses, and round start upwards and end
346 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
347 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
350 * If there are free pages between these, free the section of the
354 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
358 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
360 static void __init free_unused_memmap(void)
362 unsigned long start, prev_end = 0;
363 struct memblock_region *reg;
365 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
366 start = __phys_to_pfn(reg->base);
368 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
370 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist due
371 * to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
373 start = min(start, ALIGN(prev_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
376 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space between the
377 * current bank and the previous, free it.
379 if (prev_end && prev_end < start)
380 free_memmap(prev_end, start);
383 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
384 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
385 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
387 prev_end = ALIGN(__phys_to_pfn(reg->base + reg->size),
391 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
392 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
393 free_memmap(prev_end, ALIGN(prev_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
396 #endif /* !CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */
399 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much memory
400 * is free. This is done after various parts of the system have claimed their
401 * memory after the kernel image.
403 void __init mem_init(void)
405 if (swiotlb_force || max_pfn > (arm64_dma_phys_limit >> PAGE_SHIFT))
408 set_max_mapnr(pfn_to_page(max_pfn) - mem_map);
410 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
411 free_unused_memmap();
413 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
416 mem_init_print_info(NULL);
418 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
419 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
420 #define MLG(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 30
421 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
423 pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n");
425 pr_cont(" kasan : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld GB)\n",
426 MLG(KASAN_SHADOW_START, KASAN_SHADOW_END));
428 pr_cont(" modules : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld MB)\n",
429 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END));
430 pr_cont(" vmalloc : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld GB)\n",
431 MLG(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END));
432 pr_cont(" .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%6ld KB)\n",
433 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext));
434 pr_cont(" .rodata : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%6ld KB)\n",
435 MLK_ROUNDUP(__start_rodata, __init_begin));
436 pr_cont(" .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%6ld KB)\n",
437 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end));
438 pr_cont(" .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%6ld KB)\n",
439 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata));
440 pr_cont(" .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%6ld KB)\n",
441 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
442 pr_cont(" fixed : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld KB)\n",
443 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP));
444 pr_cont(" PCI I/O : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld MB)\n",
445 MLM(PCI_IO_START, PCI_IO_END));
446 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
447 pr_cont(" vmemmap : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld GB maximum)\n",
448 MLG(VMEMMAP_START, VMEMMAP_START + VMEMMAP_SIZE));
449 pr_cont(" 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld MB actual)\n",
450 MLM((unsigned long)phys_to_page(memblock_start_of_DRAM()),
451 (unsigned long)virt_to_page(high_memory)));
453 pr_cont(" memory : 0x%16lx - 0x%16lx (%6ld MB)\n",
454 MLM(__phys_to_virt(memblock_start_of_DRAM()),
455 (unsigned long)high_memory));
462 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can be
463 * detected at build time already.
466 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE_32 > TASK_SIZE_64);
470 * Make sure we chose the upper bound of sizeof(struct page)
473 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct page) > (1 << STRUCT_PAGE_MAX_SHIFT));
475 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
476 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
478 * On a machine this small we won't get anywhere without
479 * overcommit, so turn it on by default.
481 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
485 void free_initmem(void)
487 free_reserved_area(__va(__pa(__init_begin)), __va(__pa(__init_end)),
492 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
494 static int keep_initrd __initdata;
496 void __init free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
499 free_reserved_area((void *)start, (void *)end, 0, "initrd");
502 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
508 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);
512 * Dump out memory limit information on panic.
514 static int dump_mem_limit(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long v, void *p)
516 if (memory_limit != (phys_addr_t)ULLONG_MAX) {
517 pr_emerg("Memory Limit: %llu MB\n", memory_limit >> 20);
519 pr_emerg("Memory Limit: none\n");
524 static struct notifier_block mem_limit_notifier = {
525 .notifier_call = dump_mem_limit,
528 static int __init register_mem_limit_dumper(void)
530 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list,
531 &mem_limit_notifier);
534 __initcall(register_mem_limit_dumper);