2 * Freescale GPMI NAND Flash Driver
4 * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
5 * Copyright (C) 2008 Embedded Alley Solutions, Inc.
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
18 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
19 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
21 #include <linux/clk.h>
22 #include <linux/slab.h>
23 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
25 #include <linux/mtd/gpmi-nand.h>
26 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
27 #include <linux/pinctrl/consumer.h>
28 #include "gpmi-nand.h"
30 /* add our owner bbt descriptor */
31 static uint8_t scan_ff_pattern[] = { 0xff };
32 static struct nand_bbt_descr gpmi_bbt_descr = {
36 .pattern = scan_ff_pattern
39 /* We will use all the (page + OOB). */
40 static struct nand_ecclayout gpmi_hw_ecclayout = {
43 .oobfree = { {.offset = 0, .length = 0} }
46 static irqreturn_t bch_irq(int irq, void *cookie)
48 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = cookie;
51 complete(&this->bch_done);
56 * Calculate the ECC strength by hand:
57 * E : The ECC strength.
58 * G : the length of Galois Field.
59 * N : The chunk count of per page.
60 * O : the oobsize of the NAND chip.
61 * M : the metasize of per page.
65 * ------------ <= (O - M)
73 static inline int get_ecc_strength(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
75 struct bch_geometry *geo = &this->bch_geometry;
76 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
79 ecc_strength = ((mtd->oobsize - geo->metadata_size) * 8)
80 / (geo->gf_len * geo->ecc_chunk_count);
82 /* We need the minor even number. */
83 return round_down(ecc_strength, 2);
86 int common_nfc_set_geometry(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
88 struct bch_geometry *geo = &this->bch_geometry;
89 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
90 unsigned int metadata_size;
91 unsigned int status_size;
92 unsigned int block_mark_bit_offset;
95 * The size of the metadata can be changed, though we set it to 10
96 * bytes now. But it can't be too large, because we have to save
97 * enough space for BCH.
99 geo->metadata_size = 10;
101 /* The default for the length of Galois Field. */
104 /* The default for chunk size. There is no oobsize greater then 512. */
105 geo->ecc_chunk_size = 512;
106 while (geo->ecc_chunk_size < mtd->oobsize)
107 geo->ecc_chunk_size *= 2; /* keep C >= O */
109 geo->ecc_chunk_count = mtd->writesize / geo->ecc_chunk_size;
111 /* We use the same ECC strength for all chunks. */
112 geo->ecc_strength = get_ecc_strength(this);
113 if (!geo->ecc_strength) {
114 pr_err("We get a wrong ECC strength.\n");
118 geo->page_size = mtd->writesize + mtd->oobsize;
119 geo->payload_size = mtd->writesize;
122 * The auxiliary buffer contains the metadata and the ECC status. The
123 * metadata is padded to the nearest 32-bit boundary. The ECC status
124 * contains one byte for every ECC chunk, and is also padded to the
125 * nearest 32-bit boundary.
127 metadata_size = ALIGN(geo->metadata_size, 4);
128 status_size = ALIGN(geo->ecc_chunk_count, 4);
130 geo->auxiliary_size = metadata_size + status_size;
131 geo->auxiliary_status_offset = metadata_size;
133 if (!this->swap_block_mark)
137 * We need to compute the byte and bit offsets of
138 * the physical block mark within the ECC-based view of the page.
140 * NAND chip with 2K page shows below:
146 * +---+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+
147 * | M | data |E| data |E| data |E| data |E|
148 * +---+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+
150 * The position of block mark moves forward in the ECC-based view
151 * of page, and the delta is:
154 * D = (---------------- + M)
157 * With the formula to compute the ECC strength, and the condition
158 * : C >= O (C is the ecc chunk size)
160 * It's easy to deduce to the following result:
162 * E * G (O - M) C - M C - M
163 * ----------- <= ------- <= -------- < ---------
169 * D = (---------------- + M) < C
172 * The above inequality means the position of block mark
173 * within the ECC-based view of the page is still in the data chunk,
174 * and it's NOT in the ECC bits of the chunk.
176 * Use the following to compute the bit position of the
177 * physical block mark within the ECC-based view of the page:
178 * (page_size - D) * 8
182 block_mark_bit_offset = mtd->writesize * 8 -
183 (geo->ecc_strength * geo->gf_len * (geo->ecc_chunk_count - 1)
184 + geo->metadata_size * 8);
186 geo->block_mark_byte_offset = block_mark_bit_offset / 8;
187 geo->block_mark_bit_offset = block_mark_bit_offset % 8;
191 struct dma_chan *get_dma_chan(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
193 int chipnr = this->current_chip;
195 return this->dma_chans[chipnr];
198 /* Can we use the upper's buffer directly for DMA? */
199 void prepare_data_dma(struct gpmi_nand_data *this, enum dma_data_direction dr)
201 struct scatterlist *sgl = &this->data_sgl;
204 this->direct_dma_map_ok = true;
206 /* first try to map the upper buffer directly */
207 sg_init_one(sgl, this->upper_buf, this->upper_len);
208 ret = dma_map_sg(this->dev, sgl, 1, dr);
210 /* We have to use our own DMA buffer. */
211 sg_init_one(sgl, this->data_buffer_dma, PAGE_SIZE);
213 if (dr == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
214 memcpy(this->data_buffer_dma, this->upper_buf,
217 ret = dma_map_sg(this->dev, sgl, 1, dr);
219 pr_err("map failed.\n");
221 this->direct_dma_map_ok = false;
225 /* This will be called after the DMA operation is finished. */
226 static void dma_irq_callback(void *param)
228 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = param;
229 struct completion *dma_c = &this->dma_done;
233 switch (this->dma_type) {
234 case DMA_FOR_COMMAND:
235 dma_unmap_sg(this->dev, &this->cmd_sgl, 1, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
238 case DMA_FOR_READ_DATA:
239 dma_unmap_sg(this->dev, &this->data_sgl, 1, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
240 if (this->direct_dma_map_ok == false)
241 memcpy(this->upper_buf, this->data_buffer_dma,
245 case DMA_FOR_WRITE_DATA:
246 dma_unmap_sg(this->dev, &this->data_sgl, 1, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
249 case DMA_FOR_READ_ECC_PAGE:
250 case DMA_FOR_WRITE_ECC_PAGE:
251 /* We have to wait the BCH interrupt to finish. */
255 pr_err("in wrong DMA operation.\n");
259 int start_dma_without_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
260 struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc)
262 struct completion *dma_c = &this->dma_done;
265 init_completion(dma_c);
267 desc->callback = dma_irq_callback;
268 desc->callback_param = this;
269 dmaengine_submit(desc);
270 dma_async_issue_pending(get_dma_chan(this));
272 /* Wait for the interrupt from the DMA block. */
273 err = wait_for_completion_timeout(dma_c, msecs_to_jiffies(1000));
275 pr_err("DMA timeout, last DMA :%d\n", this->last_dma_type);
276 gpmi_dump_info(this);
283 * This function is used in BCH reading or BCH writing pages.
284 * It will wait for the BCH interrupt as long as ONE second.
285 * Actually, we must wait for two interrupts :
286 * [1] firstly the DMA interrupt and
287 * [2] secondly the BCH interrupt.
289 int start_dma_with_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
290 struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc)
292 struct completion *bch_c = &this->bch_done;
295 /* Prepare to receive an interrupt from the BCH block. */
296 init_completion(bch_c);
299 start_dma_without_bch_irq(this, desc);
301 /* Wait for the interrupt from the BCH block. */
302 err = wait_for_completion_timeout(bch_c, msecs_to_jiffies(1000));
304 pr_err("BCH timeout, last DMA :%d\n", this->last_dma_type);
305 gpmi_dump_info(this);
312 acquire_register_block(struct gpmi_nand_data *this, const char *res_name)
314 struct platform_device *pdev = this->pdev;
315 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
319 r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, res_name);
321 pr_err("Can't get resource for %s\n", res_name);
325 p = ioremap(r->start, resource_size(r));
327 pr_err("Can't remap %s\n", res_name);
331 if (!strcmp(res_name, GPMI_NAND_GPMI_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME))
333 else if (!strcmp(res_name, GPMI_NAND_BCH_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME))
336 pr_err("unknown resource name : %s\n", res_name);
341 static void release_register_block(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
343 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
345 iounmap(res->gpmi_regs);
347 iounmap(res->bch_regs);
348 res->gpmi_regs = NULL;
349 res->bch_regs = NULL;
353 acquire_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this, irq_handler_t irq_h)
355 struct platform_device *pdev = this->pdev;
356 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
357 const char *res_name = GPMI_NAND_BCH_INTERRUPT_RES_NAME;
361 r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, res_name);
363 pr_err("Can't get resource for %s\n", res_name);
367 err = request_irq(r->start, irq_h, 0, res_name, this);
369 pr_err("Can't own %s\n", res_name);
373 res->bch_low_interrupt = r->start;
374 res->bch_high_interrupt = r->end;
378 static void release_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
380 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
381 int i = res->bch_low_interrupt;
383 for (; i <= res->bch_high_interrupt; i++)
387 static bool gpmi_dma_filter(struct dma_chan *chan, void *param)
389 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = param;
390 struct resource *r = this->private;
392 if (!mxs_dma_is_apbh(chan))
395 * only catch the GPMI dma channels :
396 * for mx23 : MX23_DMA_GPMI0 ~ MX23_DMA_GPMI3
397 * (These four channels share the same IRQ!)
399 * for mx28 : MX28_DMA_GPMI0 ~ MX28_DMA_GPMI7
400 * (These eight channels share the same IRQ!)
402 if (r->start <= chan->chan_id && chan->chan_id <= r->end) {
403 chan->private = &this->dma_data;
409 static void release_dma_channels(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
412 for (i = 0; i < DMA_CHANS; i++)
413 if (this->dma_chans[i]) {
414 dma_release_channel(this->dma_chans[i]);
415 this->dma_chans[i] = NULL;
419 static int __devinit acquire_dma_channels(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
421 struct platform_device *pdev = this->pdev;
422 struct gpmi_nand_platform_data *pdata = this->pdata;
423 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
424 struct resource *r, *r_dma;
427 r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_DMA,
428 GPMI_NAND_DMA_CHANNELS_RES_NAME);
429 r_dma = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ,
430 GPMI_NAND_DMA_INTERRUPT_RES_NAME);
432 pr_err("Can't get resource for DMA\n");
436 /* used in gpmi_dma_filter() */
439 for (i = r->start; i <= r->end; i++) {
440 struct dma_chan *dma_chan;
443 if (i - r->start >= pdata->max_chip_count)
447 dma_cap_set(DMA_SLAVE, mask);
449 /* get the DMA interrupt */
450 if (r_dma->start == r_dma->end) {
451 /* only register the first. */
453 this->dma_data.chan_irq = r_dma->start;
455 this->dma_data.chan_irq = NO_IRQ;
457 this->dma_data.chan_irq = r_dma->start + (i - r->start);
459 dma_chan = dma_request_channel(mask, gpmi_dma_filter, this);
463 /* fill the first empty item */
464 this->dma_chans[i - r->start] = dma_chan;
467 res->dma_low_channel = r->start;
468 res->dma_high_channel = i;
472 pr_err("Can't acquire DMA channel %u\n", i);
473 release_dma_channels(this);
477 static int __devinit acquire_resources(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
479 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
480 struct pinctrl *pinctrl;
483 ret = acquire_register_block(this, GPMI_NAND_GPMI_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME);
487 ret = acquire_register_block(this, GPMI_NAND_BCH_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME);
491 ret = acquire_bch_irq(this, bch_irq);
495 ret = acquire_dma_channels(this);
497 goto exit_dma_channels;
499 pinctrl = devm_pinctrl_get_select_default(&this->pdev->dev);
500 if (IS_ERR(pinctrl)) {
501 ret = PTR_ERR(pinctrl);
505 res->clock = clk_get(&this->pdev->dev, NULL);
506 if (IS_ERR(res->clock)) {
507 pr_err("can not get the clock\n");
515 release_dma_channels(this);
517 release_bch_irq(this);
519 release_register_block(this);
523 static void release_resources(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
525 struct resources *r = &this->resources;
528 release_register_block(this);
529 release_bch_irq(this);
530 release_dma_channels(this);
533 static int __devinit init_hardware(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
538 * This structure contains the "safe" GPMI timing that should succeed
539 * with any NAND Flash device
540 * (although, with less-than-optimal performance).
542 struct nand_timing safe_timing = {
543 .data_setup_in_ns = 80,
544 .data_hold_in_ns = 60,
545 .address_setup_in_ns = 25,
546 .gpmi_sample_delay_in_ns = 6,
552 /* Initialize the hardwares. */
553 ret = gpmi_init(this);
557 this->timing = safe_timing;
561 static int read_page_prepare(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
562 void *destination, unsigned length,
563 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
564 void **use_virt, dma_addr_t *use_phys)
566 struct device *dev = this->dev;
568 if (virt_addr_valid(destination)) {
569 dma_addr_t dest_phys;
571 dest_phys = dma_map_single(dev, destination,
572 length, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
573 if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dest_phys)) {
574 if (alt_size < length) {
575 pr_err("Alternate buffer is too small\n");
580 *use_virt = destination;
581 *use_phys = dest_phys;
582 this->direct_dma_map_ok = true;
587 *use_virt = alt_virt;
588 *use_phys = alt_phys;
589 this->direct_dma_map_ok = false;
593 static inline void read_page_end(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
594 void *destination, unsigned length,
595 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
596 void *used_virt, dma_addr_t used_phys)
598 if (this->direct_dma_map_ok)
599 dma_unmap_single(this->dev, used_phys, length, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
602 static inline void read_page_swap_end(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
603 void *destination, unsigned length,
604 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
605 void *used_virt, dma_addr_t used_phys)
607 if (!this->direct_dma_map_ok)
608 memcpy(destination, alt_virt, length);
611 static int send_page_prepare(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
612 const void *source, unsigned length,
613 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
614 const void **use_virt, dma_addr_t *use_phys)
616 struct device *dev = this->dev;
618 if (virt_addr_valid(source)) {
619 dma_addr_t source_phys;
621 source_phys = dma_map_single(dev, (void *)source, length,
623 if (dma_mapping_error(dev, source_phys)) {
624 if (alt_size < length) {
625 pr_err("Alternate buffer is too small\n");
631 *use_phys = source_phys;
636 * Copy the content of the source buffer into the alternate
637 * buffer and set up the return values accordingly.
639 memcpy(alt_virt, source, length);
641 *use_virt = alt_virt;
642 *use_phys = alt_phys;
646 static void send_page_end(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
647 const void *source, unsigned length,
648 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
649 const void *used_virt, dma_addr_t used_phys)
651 struct device *dev = this->dev;
652 if (used_virt == source)
653 dma_unmap_single(dev, used_phys, length, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
656 static void gpmi_free_dma_buffer(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
658 struct device *dev = this->dev;
660 if (this->page_buffer_virt && virt_addr_valid(this->page_buffer_virt))
661 dma_free_coherent(dev, this->page_buffer_size,
662 this->page_buffer_virt,
663 this->page_buffer_phys);
664 kfree(this->cmd_buffer);
665 kfree(this->data_buffer_dma);
667 this->cmd_buffer = NULL;
668 this->data_buffer_dma = NULL;
669 this->page_buffer_virt = NULL;
670 this->page_buffer_size = 0;
673 /* Allocate the DMA buffers */
674 static int gpmi_alloc_dma_buffer(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
676 struct bch_geometry *geo = &this->bch_geometry;
677 struct device *dev = this->dev;
679 /* [1] Allocate a command buffer. PAGE_SIZE is enough. */
680 this->cmd_buffer = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_DMA);
681 if (this->cmd_buffer == NULL)
684 /* [2] Allocate a read/write data buffer. PAGE_SIZE is enough. */
685 this->data_buffer_dma = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_DMA);
686 if (this->data_buffer_dma == NULL)
690 * [3] Allocate the page buffer.
692 * Both the payload buffer and the auxiliary buffer must appear on
693 * 32-bit boundaries. We presume the size of the payload buffer is a
694 * power of two and is much larger than four, which guarantees the
695 * auxiliary buffer will appear on a 32-bit boundary.
697 this->page_buffer_size = geo->payload_size + geo->auxiliary_size;
698 this->page_buffer_virt = dma_alloc_coherent(dev, this->page_buffer_size,
699 &this->page_buffer_phys, GFP_DMA);
700 if (!this->page_buffer_virt)
704 /* Slice up the page buffer. */
705 this->payload_virt = this->page_buffer_virt;
706 this->payload_phys = this->page_buffer_phys;
707 this->auxiliary_virt = this->payload_virt + geo->payload_size;
708 this->auxiliary_phys = this->payload_phys + geo->payload_size;
712 gpmi_free_dma_buffer(this);
713 pr_err("allocate DMA buffer ret!!\n");
717 static void gpmi_cmd_ctrl(struct mtd_info *mtd, int data, unsigned int ctrl)
719 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
720 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
724 * Every operation begins with a command byte and a series of zero or
725 * more address bytes. These are distinguished by either the Address
726 * Latch Enable (ALE) or Command Latch Enable (CLE) signals being
727 * asserted. When MTD is ready to execute the command, it will deassert
728 * both latch enables.
730 * Rather than run a separate DMA operation for every single byte, we
731 * queue them up and run a single DMA operation for the entire series
732 * of command and data bytes. NAND_CMD_NONE means the END of the queue.
734 if ((ctrl & (NAND_ALE | NAND_CLE))) {
735 if (data != NAND_CMD_NONE)
736 this->cmd_buffer[this->command_length++] = data;
740 if (!this->command_length)
743 ret = gpmi_send_command(this);
745 pr_err("Chip: %u, Error %d\n", this->current_chip, ret);
747 this->command_length = 0;
750 static int gpmi_dev_ready(struct mtd_info *mtd)
752 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
753 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
755 return gpmi_is_ready(this, this->current_chip);
758 static void gpmi_select_chip(struct mtd_info *mtd, int chipnr)
760 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
761 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
763 if ((this->current_chip < 0) && (chipnr >= 0))
765 else if ((this->current_chip >= 0) && (chipnr < 0))
768 this->current_chip = chipnr;
771 static void gpmi_read_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, int len)
773 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
774 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
776 pr_debug("len is %d\n", len);
777 this->upper_buf = buf;
778 this->upper_len = len;
780 gpmi_read_data(this);
783 static void gpmi_write_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
785 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
786 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
788 pr_debug("len is %d\n", len);
789 this->upper_buf = (uint8_t *)buf;
790 this->upper_len = len;
792 gpmi_send_data(this);
795 static uint8_t gpmi_read_byte(struct mtd_info *mtd)
797 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
798 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
799 uint8_t *buf = this->data_buffer_dma;
801 gpmi_read_buf(mtd, buf, 1);
806 * Handles block mark swapping.
807 * It can be called in swapping the block mark, or swapping it back,
808 * because the the operations are the same.
810 static void block_mark_swapping(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
811 void *payload, void *auxiliary)
813 struct bch_geometry *nfc_geo = &this->bch_geometry;
818 unsigned char from_data;
819 unsigned char from_oob;
821 if (!this->swap_block_mark)
825 * If control arrives here, we're swapping. Make some convenience
828 bit = nfc_geo->block_mark_bit_offset;
829 p = payload + nfc_geo->block_mark_byte_offset;
833 * Get the byte from the data area that overlays the block mark. Since
834 * the ECC engine applies its own view to the bits in the page, the
835 * physical block mark won't (in general) appear on a byte boundary in
838 from_data = (p[0] >> bit) | (p[1] << (8 - bit));
840 /* Get the byte from the OOB. */
846 mask = (0x1 << bit) - 1;
847 p[0] = (p[0] & mask) | (from_oob << bit);
850 p[1] = (p[1] & mask) | (from_oob >> (8 - bit));
853 static int gpmi_ecc_read_page(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip,
854 uint8_t *buf, int page)
856 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
857 struct bch_geometry *nfc_geo = &this->bch_geometry;
859 dma_addr_t payload_phys;
860 void *auxiliary_virt;
861 dma_addr_t auxiliary_phys;
863 unsigned char *status;
865 unsigned int corrected;
868 pr_debug("page number is : %d\n", page);
869 ret = read_page_prepare(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
870 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
871 nfc_geo->payload_size,
872 &payload_virt, &payload_phys);
874 pr_err("Inadequate DMA buffer\n");
878 auxiliary_virt = this->auxiliary_virt;
879 auxiliary_phys = this->auxiliary_phys;
882 ret = gpmi_read_page(this, payload_phys, auxiliary_phys);
883 read_page_end(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
884 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
885 nfc_geo->payload_size,
886 payload_virt, payload_phys);
888 pr_err("Error in ECC-based read: %d\n", ret);
892 /* handle the block mark swapping */
893 block_mark_swapping(this, payload_virt, auxiliary_virt);
895 /* Loop over status bytes, accumulating ECC status. */
898 status = auxiliary_virt + nfc_geo->auxiliary_status_offset;
900 for (i = 0; i < nfc_geo->ecc_chunk_count; i++, status++) {
901 if ((*status == STATUS_GOOD) || (*status == STATUS_ERASED))
904 if (*status == STATUS_UNCORRECTABLE) {
908 corrected += *status;
912 * Propagate ECC status to the owning MTD only when failed or
913 * corrected times nearly reaches our ECC correction threshold.
915 if (failed || corrected >= (nfc_geo->ecc_strength - 1)) {
916 mtd->ecc_stats.failed += failed;
917 mtd->ecc_stats.corrected += corrected;
921 * It's time to deliver the OOB bytes. See gpmi_ecc_read_oob() for
922 * details about our policy for delivering the OOB.
924 * We fill the caller's buffer with set bits, and then copy the block
925 * mark to th caller's buffer. Note that, if block mark swapping was
926 * necessary, it has already been done, so we can rely on the first
927 * byte of the auxiliary buffer to contain the block mark.
929 memset(chip->oob_poi, ~0, mtd->oobsize);
930 chip->oob_poi[0] = ((uint8_t *) auxiliary_virt)[0];
932 read_page_swap_end(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
933 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
934 nfc_geo->payload_size,
935 payload_virt, payload_phys);
940 static void gpmi_ecc_write_page(struct mtd_info *mtd,
941 struct nand_chip *chip, const uint8_t *buf)
943 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
944 struct bch_geometry *nfc_geo = &this->bch_geometry;
945 const void *payload_virt;
946 dma_addr_t payload_phys;
947 const void *auxiliary_virt;
948 dma_addr_t auxiliary_phys;
951 pr_debug("ecc write page.\n");
952 if (this->swap_block_mark) {
954 * If control arrives here, we're doing block mark swapping.
955 * Since we can't modify the caller's buffers, we must copy them
958 memcpy(this->payload_virt, buf, mtd->writesize);
959 payload_virt = this->payload_virt;
960 payload_phys = this->payload_phys;
962 memcpy(this->auxiliary_virt, chip->oob_poi,
963 nfc_geo->auxiliary_size);
964 auxiliary_virt = this->auxiliary_virt;
965 auxiliary_phys = this->auxiliary_phys;
967 /* Handle block mark swapping. */
968 block_mark_swapping(this,
969 (void *) payload_virt, (void *) auxiliary_virt);
972 * If control arrives here, we're not doing block mark swapping,
973 * so we can to try and use the caller's buffers.
975 ret = send_page_prepare(this,
977 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
978 nfc_geo->payload_size,
979 &payload_virt, &payload_phys);
981 pr_err("Inadequate payload DMA buffer\n");
985 ret = send_page_prepare(this,
986 chip->oob_poi, mtd->oobsize,
987 this->auxiliary_virt, this->auxiliary_phys,
988 nfc_geo->auxiliary_size,
989 &auxiliary_virt, &auxiliary_phys);
991 pr_err("Inadequate auxiliary DMA buffer\n");
997 ret = gpmi_send_page(this, payload_phys, auxiliary_phys);
999 pr_err("Error in ECC-based write: %d\n", ret);
1001 if (!this->swap_block_mark) {
1002 send_page_end(this, chip->oob_poi, mtd->oobsize,
1003 this->auxiliary_virt, this->auxiliary_phys,
1004 nfc_geo->auxiliary_size,
1005 auxiliary_virt, auxiliary_phys);
1007 send_page_end(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
1008 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
1009 nfc_geo->payload_size,
1010 payload_virt, payload_phys);
1015 * There are several places in this driver where we have to handle the OOB and
1016 * block marks. This is the function where things are the most complicated, so
1017 * this is where we try to explain it all. All the other places refer back to
1020 * These are the rules, in order of decreasing importance:
1022 * 1) Nothing the caller does can be allowed to imperil the block mark.
1024 * 2) In read operations, the first byte of the OOB we return must reflect the
1025 * true state of the block mark, no matter where that block mark appears in
1026 * the physical page.
1028 * 3) ECC-based read operations return an OOB full of set bits (since we never
1029 * allow ECC-based writes to the OOB, it doesn't matter what ECC-based reads
1032 * 4) "Raw" read operations return a direct view of the physical bytes in the
1033 * page, using the conventional definition of which bytes are data and which
1034 * are OOB. This gives the caller a way to see the actual, physical bytes
1035 * in the page, without the distortions applied by our ECC engine.
1038 * What we do for this specific read operation depends on two questions:
1040 * 1) Are we doing a "raw" read, or an ECC-based read?
1042 * 2) Are we using block mark swapping or transcription?
1044 * There are four cases, illustrated by the following Karnaugh map:
1046 * | Raw | ECC-based |
1047 * -------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
1048 * | Read the conventional | |
1049 * | OOB at the end of the | |
1050 * Swapping | page and return it. It | |
1051 * | contains exactly what | |
1052 * | we want. | Read the block mark and |
1053 * -------------+-------------------------+ return it in a buffer |
1054 * | Read the conventional | full of set bits. |
1055 * | OOB at the end of the | |
1056 * | page and also the block | |
1057 * Transcribing | mark in the metadata. | |
1058 * | Copy the block mark | |
1059 * | into the first byte of | |
1061 * -------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
1063 * Note that we break rule #4 in the Transcribing/Raw case because we're not
1064 * giving an accurate view of the actual, physical bytes in the page (we're
1065 * overwriting the block mark). That's OK because it's more important to follow
1068 * It turns out that knowing whether we want an "ECC-based" or "raw" read is not
1069 * easy. When reading a page, for example, the NAND Flash MTD code calls our
1070 * ecc.read_page or ecc.read_page_raw function. Thus, the fact that MTD wants an
1071 * ECC-based or raw view of the page is implicit in which function it calls
1072 * (there is a similar pair of ECC-based/raw functions for writing).
1074 * Since MTD assumes the OOB is not covered by ECC, there is no pair of
1075 * ECC-based/raw functions for reading or or writing the OOB. The fact that the
1076 * caller wants an ECC-based or raw view of the page is not propagated down to
1079 static int gpmi_ecc_read_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip,
1080 int page, int sndcmd)
1082 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
1084 pr_debug("page number is %d\n", page);
1085 /* clear the OOB buffer */
1086 memset(chip->oob_poi, ~0, mtd->oobsize);
1088 /* Read out the conventional OOB. */
1089 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, mtd->writesize, page);
1090 chip->read_buf(mtd, chip->oob_poi, mtd->oobsize);
1093 * Now, we want to make sure the block mark is correct. In the
1094 * Swapping/Raw case, we already have it. Otherwise, we need to
1095 * explicitly read it.
1097 if (!this->swap_block_mark) {
1098 /* Read the block mark into the first byte of the OOB buffer. */
1099 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 0, page);
1100 chip->oob_poi[0] = chip->read_byte(mtd);
1104 * Return true, indicating that the next call to this function must send
1111 gpmi_ecc_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip, int page)
1114 * The BCH will use all the (page + oob).
1115 * Our gpmi_hw_ecclayout can only prohibit the JFFS2 to write the oob.
1116 * But it can not stop some ioctls such MEMWRITEOOB which uses
1117 * MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB. So We have to implement this function to prohibit
1123 static int gpmi_block_markbad(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs)
1125 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
1126 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
1128 uint8_t *block_mark;
1129 int column, page, status, chipnr;
1131 /* Get block number */
1132 block = (int)(ofs >> chip->bbt_erase_shift);
1134 chip->bbt[block >> 2] |= 0x01 << ((block & 0x03) << 1);
1136 /* Do we have a flash based bad block table ? */
1137 if (chip->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH)
1138 ret = nand_update_bbt(mtd, ofs);
1140 chipnr = (int)(ofs >> chip->chip_shift);
1141 chip->select_chip(mtd, chipnr);
1143 column = this->swap_block_mark ? mtd->writesize : 0;
1145 /* Write the block mark. */
1146 block_mark = this->data_buffer_dma;
1147 block_mark[0] = 0; /* bad block marker */
1149 /* Shift to get page */
1150 page = (int)(ofs >> chip->page_shift);
1152 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_SEQIN, column, page);
1153 chip->write_buf(mtd, block_mark, 1);
1154 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_PAGEPROG, -1, -1);
1156 status = chip->waitfunc(mtd, chip);
1157 if (status & NAND_STATUS_FAIL)
1160 chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
1163 mtd->ecc_stats.badblocks++;
1168 static int nand_boot_set_geometry(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1170 struct boot_rom_geometry *geometry = &this->rom_geometry;
1173 * Set the boot block stride size.
1175 * In principle, we should be reading this from the OTP bits, since
1176 * that's where the ROM is going to get it. In fact, we don't have any
1177 * way to read the OTP bits, so we go with the default and hope for the
1180 geometry->stride_size_in_pages = 64;
1183 * Set the search area stride exponent.
1185 * In principle, we should be reading this from the OTP bits, since
1186 * that's where the ROM is going to get it. In fact, we don't have any
1187 * way to read the OTP bits, so we go with the default and hope for the
1190 geometry->search_area_stride_exponent = 2;
1194 static const char *fingerprint = "STMP";
1195 static int mx23_check_transcription_stamp(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1197 struct boot_rom_geometry *rom_geo = &this->rom_geometry;
1198 struct device *dev = this->dev;
1199 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1200 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1201 unsigned int search_area_size_in_strides;
1202 unsigned int stride;
1205 uint8_t *buffer = chip->buffers->databuf;
1206 int saved_chip_number;
1207 int found_an_ncb_fingerprint = false;
1209 /* Compute the number of strides in a search area. */
1210 search_area_size_in_strides = 1 << rom_geo->search_area_stride_exponent;
1212 saved_chip_number = this->current_chip;
1213 chip->select_chip(mtd, 0);
1216 * Loop through the first search area, looking for the NCB fingerprint.
1218 dev_dbg(dev, "Scanning for an NCB fingerprint...\n");
1220 for (stride = 0; stride < search_area_size_in_strides; stride++) {
1221 /* Compute the page and byte addresses. */
1222 page = stride * rom_geo->stride_size_in_pages;
1223 byte = page * mtd->writesize;
1225 dev_dbg(dev, "Looking for a fingerprint in page 0x%x\n", page);
1228 * Read the NCB fingerprint. The fingerprint is four bytes long
1229 * and starts in the 12th byte of the page.
1231 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 12, page);
1232 chip->read_buf(mtd, buffer, strlen(fingerprint));
1234 /* Look for the fingerprint. */
1235 if (!memcmp(buffer, fingerprint, strlen(fingerprint))) {
1236 found_an_ncb_fingerprint = true;
1242 chip->select_chip(mtd, saved_chip_number);
1244 if (found_an_ncb_fingerprint)
1245 dev_dbg(dev, "\tFound a fingerprint\n");
1247 dev_dbg(dev, "\tNo fingerprint found\n");
1248 return found_an_ncb_fingerprint;
1251 /* Writes a transcription stamp. */
1252 static int mx23_write_transcription_stamp(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1254 struct device *dev = this->dev;
1255 struct boot_rom_geometry *rom_geo = &this->rom_geometry;
1256 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1257 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1258 unsigned int block_size_in_pages;
1259 unsigned int search_area_size_in_strides;
1260 unsigned int search_area_size_in_pages;
1261 unsigned int search_area_size_in_blocks;
1263 unsigned int stride;
1266 uint8_t *buffer = chip->buffers->databuf;
1267 int saved_chip_number;
1270 /* Compute the search area geometry. */
1271 block_size_in_pages = mtd->erasesize / mtd->writesize;
1272 search_area_size_in_strides = 1 << rom_geo->search_area_stride_exponent;
1273 search_area_size_in_pages = search_area_size_in_strides *
1274 rom_geo->stride_size_in_pages;
1275 search_area_size_in_blocks =
1276 (search_area_size_in_pages + (block_size_in_pages - 1)) /
1277 block_size_in_pages;
1279 dev_dbg(dev, "Search Area Geometry :\n");
1280 dev_dbg(dev, "\tin Blocks : %u\n", search_area_size_in_blocks);
1281 dev_dbg(dev, "\tin Strides: %u\n", search_area_size_in_strides);
1282 dev_dbg(dev, "\tin Pages : %u\n", search_area_size_in_pages);
1284 /* Select chip 0. */
1285 saved_chip_number = this->current_chip;
1286 chip->select_chip(mtd, 0);
1288 /* Loop over blocks in the first search area, erasing them. */
1289 dev_dbg(dev, "Erasing the search area...\n");
1291 for (block = 0; block < search_area_size_in_blocks; block++) {
1292 /* Compute the page address. */
1293 page = block * block_size_in_pages;
1295 /* Erase this block. */
1296 dev_dbg(dev, "\tErasing block 0x%x\n", block);
1297 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_ERASE1, -1, page);
1298 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_ERASE2, -1, -1);
1300 /* Wait for the erase to finish. */
1301 status = chip->waitfunc(mtd, chip);
1302 if (status & NAND_STATUS_FAIL)
1303 dev_err(dev, "[%s] Erase failed.\n", __func__);
1306 /* Write the NCB fingerprint into the page buffer. */
1307 memset(buffer, ~0, mtd->writesize);
1308 memset(chip->oob_poi, ~0, mtd->oobsize);
1309 memcpy(buffer + 12, fingerprint, strlen(fingerprint));
1311 /* Loop through the first search area, writing NCB fingerprints. */
1312 dev_dbg(dev, "Writing NCB fingerprints...\n");
1313 for (stride = 0; stride < search_area_size_in_strides; stride++) {
1314 /* Compute the page and byte addresses. */
1315 page = stride * rom_geo->stride_size_in_pages;
1316 byte = page * mtd->writesize;
1318 /* Write the first page of the current stride. */
1319 dev_dbg(dev, "Writing an NCB fingerprint in page 0x%x\n", page);
1320 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_SEQIN, 0x00, page);
1321 chip->ecc.write_page_raw(mtd, chip, buffer);
1322 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_PAGEPROG, -1, -1);
1324 /* Wait for the write to finish. */
1325 status = chip->waitfunc(mtd, chip);
1326 if (status & NAND_STATUS_FAIL)
1327 dev_err(dev, "[%s] Write failed.\n", __func__);
1330 /* Deselect chip 0. */
1331 chip->select_chip(mtd, saved_chip_number);
1335 static int mx23_boot_init(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1337 struct device *dev = this->dev;
1338 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1339 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1340 unsigned int block_count;
1349 * If control arrives here, we can't use block mark swapping, which
1350 * means we're forced to use transcription. First, scan for the
1351 * transcription stamp. If we find it, then we don't have to do
1352 * anything -- the block marks are already transcribed.
1354 if (mx23_check_transcription_stamp(this))
1358 * If control arrives here, we couldn't find a transcription stamp, so
1359 * so we presume the block marks are in the conventional location.
1361 dev_dbg(dev, "Transcribing bad block marks...\n");
1363 /* Compute the number of blocks in the entire medium. */
1364 block_count = chip->chipsize >> chip->phys_erase_shift;
1367 * Loop over all the blocks in the medium, transcribing block marks as
1370 for (block = 0; block < block_count; block++) {
1372 * Compute the chip, page and byte addresses for this block's
1373 * conventional mark.
1375 chipnr = block >> (chip->chip_shift - chip->phys_erase_shift);
1376 page = block << (chip->phys_erase_shift - chip->page_shift);
1377 byte = block << chip->phys_erase_shift;
1379 /* Send the command to read the conventional block mark. */
1380 chip->select_chip(mtd, chipnr);
1381 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, mtd->writesize, page);
1382 block_mark = chip->read_byte(mtd);
1383 chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
1386 * Check if the block is marked bad. If so, we need to mark it
1387 * again, but this time the result will be a mark in the
1388 * location where we transcribe block marks.
1390 if (block_mark != 0xff) {
1391 dev_dbg(dev, "Transcribing mark in block %u\n", block);
1392 ret = chip->block_markbad(mtd, byte);
1394 dev_err(dev, "Failed to mark block bad with "
1399 /* Write the stamp that indicates we've transcribed the block marks. */
1400 mx23_write_transcription_stamp(this);
1404 static int nand_boot_init(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1406 nand_boot_set_geometry(this);
1408 /* This is ROM arch-specific initilization before the BBT scanning. */
1409 if (GPMI_IS_MX23(this))
1410 return mx23_boot_init(this);
1414 static int gpmi_set_geometry(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1418 /* Free the temporary DMA memory for reading ID. */
1419 gpmi_free_dma_buffer(this);
1421 /* Set up the NFC geometry which is used by BCH. */
1422 ret = bch_set_geometry(this);
1424 pr_err("set geometry ret : %d\n", ret);
1428 /* Alloc the new DMA buffers according to the pagesize and oobsize */
1429 return gpmi_alloc_dma_buffer(this);
1432 static int gpmi_pre_bbt_scan(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1436 /* Set up swap_block_mark, must be set before the gpmi_set_geometry() */
1437 if (GPMI_IS_MX23(this))
1438 this->swap_block_mark = false;
1440 this->swap_block_mark = true;
1442 /* Set up the medium geometry */
1443 ret = gpmi_set_geometry(this);
1447 /* NAND boot init, depends on the gpmi_set_geometry(). */
1448 return nand_boot_init(this);
1451 static int gpmi_scan_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd)
1453 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
1454 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
1457 /* Prepare for the BBT scan. */
1458 ret = gpmi_pre_bbt_scan(this);
1462 /* use the default BBT implementation */
1463 return nand_default_bbt(mtd);
1466 void gpmi_nfc_exit(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1468 nand_release(&this->mtd);
1469 gpmi_free_dma_buffer(this);
1472 static int __devinit gpmi_nfc_init(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1474 struct gpmi_nand_platform_data *pdata = this->pdata;
1475 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1476 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1479 /* init current chip */
1480 this->current_chip = -1;
1482 /* init the MTD data structures */
1484 mtd->name = "gpmi-nand";
1485 mtd->owner = THIS_MODULE;
1487 /* init the nand_chip{}, we don't support a 16-bit NAND Flash bus. */
1489 chip->select_chip = gpmi_select_chip;
1490 chip->cmd_ctrl = gpmi_cmd_ctrl;
1491 chip->dev_ready = gpmi_dev_ready;
1492 chip->read_byte = gpmi_read_byte;
1493 chip->read_buf = gpmi_read_buf;
1494 chip->write_buf = gpmi_write_buf;
1495 chip->ecc.read_page = gpmi_ecc_read_page;
1496 chip->ecc.write_page = gpmi_ecc_write_page;
1497 chip->ecc.read_oob = gpmi_ecc_read_oob;
1498 chip->ecc.write_oob = gpmi_ecc_write_oob;
1499 chip->scan_bbt = gpmi_scan_bbt;
1500 chip->badblock_pattern = &gpmi_bbt_descr;
1501 chip->block_markbad = gpmi_block_markbad;
1502 chip->options |= NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE;
1503 chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_HW;
1505 chip->ecc.layout = &gpmi_hw_ecclayout;
1507 /* Allocate a temporary DMA buffer for reading ID in the nand_scan() */
1508 this->bch_geometry.payload_size = 1024;
1509 this->bch_geometry.auxiliary_size = 128;
1510 ret = gpmi_alloc_dma_buffer(this);
1514 ret = nand_scan(mtd, pdata->max_chip_count);
1516 pr_err("Chip scan failed\n");
1520 ret = mtd_device_parse_register(mtd, NULL, NULL,
1521 pdata->partitions, pdata->partition_count);
1527 gpmi_nfc_exit(this);
1531 static int __devinit gpmi_nand_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
1533 struct gpmi_nand_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
1534 struct gpmi_nand_data *this;
1537 this = kzalloc(sizeof(*this), GFP_KERNEL);
1539 pr_err("Failed to allocate per-device memory\n");
1543 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, this);
1545 this->dev = &pdev->dev;
1546 this->pdata = pdata;
1548 if (pdata->platform_init) {
1549 ret = pdata->platform_init();
1551 goto platform_init_error;
1554 ret = acquire_resources(this);
1556 goto exit_acquire_resources;
1558 ret = init_hardware(this);
1562 ret = gpmi_nfc_init(this);
1569 release_resources(this);
1570 platform_init_error:
1571 exit_acquire_resources:
1572 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
1577 static int __exit gpmi_nand_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
1579 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
1581 gpmi_nfc_exit(this);
1582 release_resources(this);
1583 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
1588 static const struct platform_device_id gpmi_ids[] = {
1590 .name = "imx23-gpmi-nand",
1591 .driver_data = IS_MX23,
1593 .name = "imx28-gpmi-nand",
1594 .driver_data = IS_MX28,
1598 static struct platform_driver gpmi_nand_driver = {
1600 .name = "gpmi-nand",
1602 .probe = gpmi_nand_probe,
1603 .remove = __exit_p(gpmi_nand_remove),
1604 .id_table = gpmi_ids,
1607 static int __init gpmi_nand_init(void)
1611 err = platform_driver_register(&gpmi_nand_driver);
1613 printk(KERN_INFO "GPMI NAND driver registered. (IMX)\n");
1615 pr_err("i.MX GPMI NAND driver registration failed\n");
1619 static void __exit gpmi_nand_exit(void)
1621 platform_driver_unregister(&gpmi_nand_driver);
1624 module_init(gpmi_nand_init);
1625 module_exit(gpmi_nand_exit);
1627 MODULE_AUTHOR("Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.");
1628 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("i.MX GPMI NAND Flash Controller Driver");
1629 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");